महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-217, verse-50

भूतानां तु विपर्यासं मन्यते गतवानिति ।
न ह्येतावद्भवेद्गम्यं न यस्मात्प्रकृतेः परः ॥५०॥

50. bhūtānāṁ tu viparyāsaṁ manyate gatavāniti ,
na hyetāvadbhavedgamyaṁ na yasmātprakṛteḥ paraḥ.

50. bhūtānām tu viparyāsam manyate gatavān iti na hi
etāvat bhavet gamyam na yasmāt prakṛteḥ paraḥ

50. tu manyate bhūtānām viparyāsam iti gatavān.
hi na etāvat gamyam bhavet.
na,
yasmāt prakṛteḥ paraḥ

50. But one erroneously perceives the transformation (viparyāsa) of beings, believing that [the true self, puruṣa] has ceased to exist. Indeed, such a cessation is not what should be understood or sought. No, for [the true self, puruṣa] is beyond (paraḥ) nature (prakṛti).

Words meanings summery:

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings (in their temporal and changing aspect) (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, however)

• विपर्यासम् (viparyāsam) - erroneous perception or transformation (erroneous conception, misconception, reversal, change, perversion)

• मन्यते (manyate) - one considers or believes (implying a common but mistaken belief) (one thinks, one considers, one believes)

• गतवान् (gatavān) - having ceased to exist, perished (having gone, departed, passed away)

• इति (iti) - thus, believing that (thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct or indirect speech))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for)

• एतावत् (etāvat) - such a state (of cessation) (this much, so far, so much)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (understood or sought) (it would be, it should be, may it be)

• गम्यम् (gamyam) - to be understood or sought (to be gone to, attainable, comprehensible, destination)

• न (na) - No (emphatic denial of the preceding idea) (not, no)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - for, because (because, for what reason, from which)

• प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of nature (prakṛti) (of nature, from nature, of origin)

• परः (paraḥ) - beyond (nature) (beyond, higher, supreme, other)

Words meanings and morphology

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings (in their temporal and changing aspect) (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past (as participle)

Past Passive Participle (when from 'bhū')

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

विपर्यासम् (viparyāsam) - erroneous perception or transformation (erroneous conception, misconception, reversal, change, perversion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viparyāsa

viparyāsa - reversal, inverted order, erroneous apprehension, error, change, delusion

From 'vi-pari-as' (to throw around, reverse) + 'ghañ' suffix (agent or action noun).

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: as (class 4)

मन्यते (manyate) - one considers or believes (implying a common but mistaken belief) (one thinks, one considers, one believes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of man

Present tense, third person, singular, middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

गतवान् (gatavān) - having ceased to exist, perished (having gone, departed, passed away)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatavat

gam - to go, move, attain, pass away

Past Active Participle

Formed from root 'gam' (to go) + '-tavat' suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is the 'true self' (puruṣa).

इति (iti) - thus, believing that (thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct or indirect speech))

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'bhavet gamyam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

एतावत् (etāvat) - such a state (of cessation) (this much, so far, so much)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, so far, this much

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (understood or sought) (it would be, it should be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, third person, singular, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

गम्यम् (gamyam) - to be understood or sought (to be gone to, attainable, comprehensible, destination)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gamya

gam - to go, attain, understand

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Formed from root 'gam' (to go) + '-ya' suffix, meaning 'fit to be gone to'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively with 'bhavet'.

न (na) - No (emphatic denial of the preceding idea) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an independent negation, refuting the implied misunderstanding.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - for, because (because, for what reason, from which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Functions as a conjunction 'because'.

प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of nature (prakṛti) (of nature, from nature, of origin)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, primary matter, primordial substance (in Sāṃkhya)

From 'pra-kṛ' (to make, do) + '-ti' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by 'paraḥ'.

परः (paraḥ) - beyond (nature) (beyond, higher, supreme, other)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - further, distant, beyond, highest, supreme, other

Note: Adjective agreeing with implied 'puruṣa' or 'ātman'.