महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-217, verse-19

सर्वं कालः समादत्ते गम्भीरः स्वेन तेजसा ।
तस्मिन्कालवशं प्राप्ते का व्यथा मे विजानतः ॥१९॥

19. sarvaṁ kālaḥ samādatte gambhīraḥ svena tejasā ,
tasminkālavaśaṁ prāpte kā vyathā me vijānataḥ.

19. sarvam kālaḥ samādatte gambhīraḥ svena tejasā
tasmin kālavaśam prāpte kā vyathā me vijānataḥ

19. kālaḥ gambhīraḥ svena tejasā sarvam samādatte
tasmin kālavaśam prāpte kā vyathā me vijānataḥ

19. Time (kāla), profound in its own power, absorbs everything. When everything falls under the sway of this Time (kāla), what sorrow can there be for me, who understands this?

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• कालः (kālaḥ) - cosmic time, the force of destiny (time, period, destiny)

• समादत्ते (samādatte) - absorbs, takes away, consumes (takes, absorbs, devours, collects)

• गम्भीरः (gambhīraḥ) - profound, unfathomable (deep, profound, serious)

• स्वेन (svena) - by one's own, by its own

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by its inherent power or radiance (by brilliance, by power, by energy)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (everything) (in that, in it)

• कालवशम् (kālavaśam) - under the sway of time, subject to time

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it has fallen (under the sway of time) (having obtained, when obtained)

• का (kā) - what (feminine)

• व्यथा (vyathā) - sorrow, pain, distress

• मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

• विजानतः (vijānataḥ) - for me, who knows (this truth) (of one who knows, for one who knows, by one who knows)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

कालः (kālaḥ) - cosmic time, the force of destiny (time, period, destiny)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, destiny

Root: kal (class 1)

समादत्ते (samādatte) - absorbs, takes away, consumes (takes, absorbs, devours, collects)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sam-ā-dā

Present Middle

from sam + ā + root dā (to give/take)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

गम्भीरः (gambhīraḥ) - profound, unfathomable (deep, profound, serious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gambhīra

gambhīra - deep, profound, serious

Root: gam (class 1)

स्वेन (svena) - by one's own, by its own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

Note: Agrees with tejasā.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by its inherent power or radiance (by brilliance, by power, by energy)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, power, energy, radiance

Root: tij (class 1)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (everything) (in that, in it)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to sarvam (everything) implicitly. Also can be understood adverbially 'then, in that state'.

कालवशम् (kālavaśam) - under the sway of time, subject to time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālavaśa

kālavaśa - under the sway of time, subject to time

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+vaśa)

• kāla – time, period, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 1)
• vaśa – control, power, sway
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 1)

Note: Used as object of prāpte (having attained).

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it has fallen (under the sway of time) (having obtained, when obtained)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

from pra + root āp (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with tasmin referring to sarvam (everything).

का (kā) - what (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Feminine singular nominative form of kim.

व्यथा (vyathā) - sorrow, pain, distress

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - sorrow, pain, distress

from root vyath (to tremble, suffer)

Root: vyath (class 1)

मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Here used in the sense of 'for me'.

विजानतः (vijānataḥ) - for me, who knows (this truth) (of one who knows, for one who knows, by one who knows)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, understanding

Present Active Participle

from vi + root jñā (to know)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Genitive case, agreeing with the implied referent of me (my/for me). 'For me, the knowing one'.