महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-126, verse-43

ऋषभ उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा ततो राजन्स राजा सावरोधनः ।
संस्पृश्य पादौ शिरसा निपपात द्विजर्षभे ॥४३॥

43. ṛṣabha uvāca ,
etacchrutvā tato rājansa rājā sāvarodhanaḥ ,
saṁspṛśya pādau śirasā nipapāta dvijarṣabhe.

43. ṛṣabhaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā tataḥ rājan saḥ rājā
sāvarodhanaḥ saṃspṛśya pādau śirasā nipapāta dvijarṣabhe

43. ṛṣabhaḥ uvāca rājan etat śrutvā tataḥ saḥ sāvarodhanaḥ
rājā dvijarṣabhe pādau śirasā saṃspṛśya nipapāta

43. Ṛṣabha said: O King, upon hearing this, that king, accompanied by his retinue, touched the feet of the foremost of Brahmins with his head and prostrated himself.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - Ṛṣabha (a specific sage/figure) (bull, best, chief, a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एतत् (etat) - this (news/statement) (this, this one)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (this) (having heard, having listened)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative address) (O king, ruler)

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• सावरोधनः (sāvarodhanaḥ) - accompanied by his retinue (or queens) (accompanied by his harem/women, with his retinue)

• संस्पृश्य (saṁspṛśya) - having touched (the feet) (having touched, having come into contact with)

• पादौ (pādau) - the (two) feet (two feet, feet)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head (by the head, with the head)

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (in prostration) (fell down, prostrated)

• द्विजर्षभे (dvijarṣabhe) - before the foremost of Brahmins (in the chief of Brahmins, before the foremost of the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - Ṛṣabha (a specific sage/figure) (bull, best, chief, a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, best, chief; a proper name (Ṛṣabha)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense form

3rd person singular, perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (news/statement) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Can also be nominative neuter. Context implies 'having heard this (object)'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (this) (having heard, having listened)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

formed from tad (that) with -tas suffix

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative address) (O king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 10)

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 10)

सावरोधनः (sāvarodhanaḥ) - accompanied by his retinue (or queens) (accompanied by his harem/women, with his retinue)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāvarodhana

sāvarodhana - with one's harem, with one's women, with one's retinue

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + avarodhana (harem/retinue)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+avarodhana)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  prefix/indeclinable often used in Bahuvrīhi compounds
• avarodhana – harem, women's apartment, inner apartment, retinue
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: rudh (class 7)

संस्पृश्य (saṁspṛśya) - having touched (the feet) (having touched, having come into contact with)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed with prefix 'sam' and suffix '-ya' for prefixed roots

Prefix: sam

Root: spṛś (class 6)

पादौ (pādau) - the (two) feet (two feet, feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, step, quarter

Note: Can also be nominative dual. Context implies direct object of 'touching'.

शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head (by the head, with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (in prostration) (fell down, prostrated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

perfect tense form

3rd person singular, perfect active, with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

द्विजर्षभे (dvijarṣabhe) - before the foremost of Brahmins (in the chief of Brahmins, before the foremost of the twice-born)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - chief among the twice-born, foremost Brahmin

Tatpurusha compound: dvija (twice-born, Brahmin) + ṛṣabha (bull, best, chief)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  from 'dvi' (twice) and 'jan' (to be born)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)