महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-126, verse-12

ततः स कथयामास कथा धर्मार्थसंहिताः ।
ऋषिमध्ये महाराज तत्र धर्मभृतां वरः ॥१२॥

12. tataḥ sa kathayāmāsa kathā dharmārthasaṁhitāḥ ,
ṛṣimadhye mahārāja tatra dharmabhṛtāṁ varaḥ.

12. tataḥ saḥ kathayāmāsa kathāḥ dharmārthasaṃhitāḥ
ṛṣimadhye mahārāja tatra dharmabhṛtām varaḥ

12. mahārāja tataḥ tatra ṛṣimadhye saḥ dharmabhṛtām
varaḥ kathāḥ dharmārthasaṃhitāḥ kathayāmāsa

12. O great king, then, that foremost upholder of natural law (dharma) among the sages there narrated stories imbued with the principles of natural law (dharma) and purpose (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereupon. (Then, thereupon, therefore, from that.)

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to the sage/host). (He, that (masculine).)

• कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - He narrated. (He narrated, he told, he recounted.)

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - Stories. (Stories, tales, narratives, fables.)

• धर्मार्थसंहिताः (dharmārthasaṁhitāḥ) - Imbued with the principles of natural law (dharma) and purpose (artha). (Connected with natural law and purpose, comprising righteousness and worldly affairs, containing spiritual and material aims.)

• ऋषिमध्ये (ṛṣimadhye) - Amidst the sages. (In the middle of sages, among sages.)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Janamejaya). (O great king, O emperor.)

• तत्र (tatra) - There (where the sages were gathered). (There, in that place, then.)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - Among those who uphold natural law (dharma). (Of those who uphold righteousness, of the righteous.)

• वरः (varaḥ) - The best, the foremost (referring to the sage). (Best, excellent, choicest, boon, bridegroom.)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereupon. (Then, thereupon, therefore, from that.)

(indeclinable)

From `tad` with `tas` suffix.

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to the sage/host). (He, that (masculine).)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - That, he, she, it.

Demonstrative pronoun.

कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - He narrated. (He narrated, he told, he recounted.)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of kathaya

Periphrastic Perfect (Lit)

Formed from the root `kath` (to speak, tell) in its causal stem `kathaya-` with the auxiliary `ās` (to be) in the perfect tense. 3rd person singular active.

Root: kath (class 10)

कथाः (kathāḥ) - Stories. (Stories, tales, narratives, fables.)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - Story, tale, narrative, conversation.

ā-stem noun.

Note: Also could be nominative plural, but context requires accusative as the object of `kathayāmāsa`.

धर्मार्थसंहिताः (dharmārthasaṁhitāḥ) - Imbued with the principles of natural law (dharma) and purpose (artha). (Connected with natural law and purpose, comprising righteousness and worldly affairs, containing spiritual and material aims.)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of dharmārthasaṃhita

dharmārthasaṁhita - Containing natural law and purpose, related to righteousness and worldly prosperity.

Compound adjective, modifying `kathāḥ`.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+saṃhita)

• dharma – Natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution.
  noun (masculine)
  a-stem noun.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – Purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object.
  noun (masculine)
  a-stem noun.
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• saṃhita – Joined, connected, combined, composed, endowed with.
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dhā` with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `kathāḥ`.

ऋषिमध्ये (ṛṣimadhye) - Amidst the sages. (In the middle of sages, among sages.)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ṛṣimadhya

ṛṣimadhya - Middle of sages, among sages.

Compound noun used adverbially.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+madhya)

• ṛṣi – Sage, seer, inspired poet.
  noun (masculine)
  i-stem noun.
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
• madhya – Middle, center, midst.
  noun (neuter)
  a-stem noun.

Note: Functions adverbially.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Janamejaya). (O great king, O emperor.)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - Great king, emperor.

Compound noun.

Compound type : Karma-dhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – Great, large, mighty.
  adjective
  Feminine form of 'mahat' or stem used in compounds.
• rājan – King, ruler.
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem noun.
  Root: rāj (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - There (where the sages were gathered). (There, in that place, then.)

(indeclinable)

From `tad` with `tra` suffix.

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - Among those who uphold natural law (dharma). (Of those who uphold righteousness, of the righteous.)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - Upholder of dharma, righteous person, virtuous person.

Compound, from `dharma` and `bhṛt` (bearer/upholder).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – Natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution.
  noun (masculine)
  a-stem noun.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – Bearer, upholder, supporter, maintainer.
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun (kṛt pratyaya)
  From root `bhṛ` (to bear, support) with `kvip` suffix.
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वरः (varaḥ) - The best, the foremost (referring to the sage). (Best, excellent, choicest, boon, bridegroom.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - Best, excellent, choicest, boon, wish, bridegroom.

a-stem noun.

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `saḥ`.