महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-126, verse-19

तमनुध्यान्तमालक्ष्य राजा परमदुर्मनाः ।
उवाच वाक्यं दीनात्मा मन्दं मन्दमिवासकृत् ॥१९॥

19. tamanudhyāntamālakṣya rājā paramadurmanāḥ ,
uvāca vākyaṁ dīnātmā mandaṁ mandamivāsakṛt.

19. tam anudhyāntam ālakṣya rājā paramadurmanāḥ
uvāca vākyam dīnātmā mandam mandam iva asakṛt

19. rājā paramadurmanāḥ dīnātmā tam anudhyāntam
ālakṣya mandam mandam iva asakṛt vākyam uvāca

19. Seeing him deeply absorbed in thought, the king, whose mind was extremely distressed, spoke words slowly and repeatedly, as if with a dejected spirit (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अनुध्यान्तम् (anudhyāntam) - meditating upon, deeply contemplating, absorbed in thought

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, perceiving, noticing

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• परमदुर्मनाः (paramadurmanāḥ) - extremely distressed in mind, greatly disheartened

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• दीनात्मा (dīnātmā) - dejected in spirit, sad-minded

• मन्दम् (mandam) - slowly, gently, softly

• मन्दम् (mandam) - slowly, gently, softly

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, many times

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनुध्यान्तम् (anudhyāntam) - meditating upon, deeply contemplating, absorbed in thought

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anudhyānt

anudhyānt - one who meditates upon; deeply contemplating

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'dhyā' (to meditate) with the prefix 'anu' and the primary suffix '-at' (śatṛ).

Prefix: anu

Root: dhyā (class 4)

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, perceiving, noticing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'lakṣ' (to perceive, mark) with the prefix 'ā' and the suffix '-ya' (lyap).

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

परमदुर्मनाः (paramadurmanāḥ) - extremely distressed in mind, greatly disheartened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadurmanas

paramadurmanas - one whose mind is extremely distressed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+durmanas)

• parama – highest, supreme, utmost, extreme
  adjective
• durmanas – distressed mind, sad spirit, dejection
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

दीनात्मा (dīnātmā) - dejected in spirit, sad-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīnātman

dīnātman - one with a dejected spirit or depressed mind

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīna+ātman)

• dīna – wretched, sorrowful, depressed, humble
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

मन्दम् (mandam) - slowly, gently, softly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

मन्दम् (mandam) - slowly, gently, softly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially, repetition for emphasis (very slowly, repeatedly).

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, many times

(indeclinable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakṛt)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• sakṛt – once, at once, simultaneously
  indeclinable