महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-126, verse-18

एतच्छ्रुत्वा स भगवांस्तनुर्मुनिवरोत्तमः ।
अवाक्शिरा ध्यानपरो मुहूर्तमिव तस्थिवान् ॥१८॥

18. etacchrutvā sa bhagavāṁstanurmunivarottamaḥ ,
avākśirā dhyānaparo muhūrtamiva tasthivān.

18. etat śrutvā saḥ bhagavān tanuḥ munivarottamaḥ
avākśirāḥ dhyānaparaḥ muhūrtam iva tasthivān

18. etat śrutvā saḥ bhagavān tanuḥ munivarottamaḥ
muhūrtam iva avākśirāḥ dhyānaparaḥ tasthivān

18. Having heard this, that venerable person, the best among excellent sages, stood for a moment with his head bowed down, absorbed in meditation (dhyāna).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (preceding narrative) (this, this fact)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine, illustrious, blessed

• तनुः (tanuḥ) - the person (of the sage) (body, form, person, self)

• मुनिवरोत्तमः (munivarottamaḥ) - best among excellent sages

• अवाक्शिराः (avākśirāḥ) - with head downwards, having a downcast head

• ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - intent on meditation, absorbed in contemplation (dhyāna)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short time

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• तस्थिवान् (tasthivān) - stood, remained

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (preceding narrative) (this, this fact)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: refers to the preceding narrative

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root śru (class 5) with ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine, illustrious, blessed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, holy, illustrious, blessed, fortunate

Note: modifies the sage (Munivarottama)

तनुः (tanuḥ) - the person (of the sage) (body, form, person, self)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tanu

tanu - body, form, person, self, slender, subtle

Note: In apposition to 'bhagavān' and 'munivarottamaḥ', referring to the physical person.

मुनिवरोत्तमः (munivarottamaḥ) - best among excellent sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of munivarottama

munivarottama - best among excellent sages, supreme sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (munivara+uttama)

• munivara – excellent sage, chief sage
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

अवाक्शिराः (avākśirāḥ) - with head downwards, having a downcast head

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avākśiras

avākśiras - with head downwards, having a downcast head

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avāc+śiras)

• avāc – downwards, south
  indeclinable
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: modifies the sage

ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - intent on meditation, absorbed in contemplation (dhyāna)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyānapara

dhyānapara - intent on meditation (dhyāna), devoted to contemplation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhyāna+para)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation, thought
  noun (neuter)
• para – devoted to, intent on, supreme, other
  adjective (masculine)

Note: modifies the sage

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short time

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, instant, short time (a period of 48 minutes)

Note: adverbial accusative, indicating duration

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

तस्थिवान् (tasthivān) - stood, remained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to remain, to stay

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root sthā (class 1) with kvasu suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)