योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-101, verse-41

तत्किमर्थमनर्थेऽस्मिन्निमग्नस्त्वं तपोमये ।
आश्रमादिविकल्पांशसाध्यस्याद्य कुकर्मणः ॥ ४१ ॥

tatkimarthamanarthe'sminnimagnastvaṃ tapomaye ,
āśramādivikalpāṃśasādhyasyādya kukarmaṇaḥ 41

41. tat kim artham anarthe asmin nimagnaḥ tvam tapomaye
āśramādivikalpāṃśasādhyasya adya kukarmaṇaḥ

41. tat kim artham tvam asmin tapomaye anarthe
āśramādivikalpāṃśasādhyasya kukarmaṇaḥ adya nimagnaḥ

41. Why, then, are you presently absorbed in this meaningless pursuit, which is characterized by austerity (tapas), concerning the bad actions (karma) that are accomplished through various options related to social stages (āśrama) and the like?

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, then, that)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose of, for the sake of (purpose, meaning, object, for the sake of)

• अनर्थे (anarthe) - in this meaningless pursuit (in a calamity, in a useless thing, in what is meaningless)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - absorbed (immersed, sunk, engrossed)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तपोमये (tapomaye) - characterized by austerity (tapas) (in what consists of austerity, full of austerity (tapas))

• आश्रमादिविकल्पांशसाध्यस्य (āśramādivikalpāṁśasādhyasya) - concerning what is accomplished through various options related to social stages (āśrama) (of that which is achieved by portions of choices like āśramas)

• अद्य (adya) - presently (today, now, presently)

• कुकर्मणः (kukarmaṇaḥ) - concerning the bad actions (karma) (of bad deeds, of evil actions)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, then, that)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose of, for the sake of (purpose, meaning, object, for the sake of)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, reason

Note: Often used adverbially to mean 'for the sake of' or 'why.'

अनर्थे (anarthe) - in this meaningless pursuit (in a calamity, in a useless thing, in what is meaningless)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - calamity, misfortune, useless thing, meaninglessness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+artha)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: 'Nañ-tatpuruṣa' indicates negation. Agrees with 'asmin' and 'tapomaye'.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'anarthe'.

निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - absorbed (immersed, sunk, engrossed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimagna

nimagna - immersed, sunk, plunged, engrossed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root maj (to sink) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: maj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तपोमये (tapomaye) - characterized by austerity (tapas) (in what consists of austerity, full of austerity (tapas))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tapomaya

tapomaya - consisting of austerity, full of penance

Derived from tapas (austerity) + -maya (consisting of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+maya)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• maya – consisting of, made of
  suffix

Note: Agrees with 'anarthe'.

आश्रमादिविकल्पांशसाध्यस्य (āśramādivikalpāṁśasādhyasya) - concerning what is accomplished through various options related to social stages (āśrama) (of that which is achieved by portions of choices like āśramas)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āśramādivikalpāṃśasādhya

āśramādivikalpāṁśasādhya - to be achieved by parts of choices beginning with āśrama

Gerundive

Compound ending in sādhya (gerundive).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśramādivikalpāṃśa+sādhya)

• āśrama – stage of life (āśrama), hermitage
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, etc.
  indeclinable
• vikalpa – choice, option, mental construct, distinction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• aṃśa – part, portion, share
  noun (masculine)
• sādhya – to be accomplished, achievable, practicable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from the root sādh (to accomplish).
  Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'kukarmaṇaḥ'.

अद्य (adya) - presently (today, now, presently)

(indeclinable)

कुकर्मणः (kukarmaṇaḥ) - concerning the bad actions (karma) (of bad deeds, of evil actions)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kukarman

kukarman - bad action, evil deed, sin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ku+karman)

• ku – bad, evil, contemptible
  prefix/indeclinable
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by 'sādhyasya' or simply expressing 'concerning'.