योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-101, verse-31

मूढं चित्तं चित्तमाहुः प्रबुद्धं सत्त्वमुच्यते ।
अप्रबुद्धा हि चित्तस्थाः सत्त्वस्थास्तु महाधियः ॥ ३१ ॥

mūḍhaṃ cittaṃ cittamāhuḥ prabuddhaṃ sattvamucyate ,
aprabuddhā hi cittasthāḥ sattvasthāstu mahādhiyaḥ 31

31. mūḍham cittam cittam āhuḥ prabuddham sattvam ucyate
aprabuddhāḥ hi cittasthāḥ sattvasthāḥ tu mahādhiyaḥ

31. mūḍham cittam cittam āhuḥ,
(atha) prabuddham (cittam) sattvam ucyate.
hi aprabuddhāḥ cittasthāḥ,
tu mahādhiyaḥ sattvasthāḥ

31. The deluded mind (citta) is called 'mind' (citta); the awakened (mind) is referred to as *sattva* (purity). Indeed, the unawakened are established in the ordinary mind (citta), but those of great intellect (mahādhiyaḥ) are established in *sattva* (purity).

Words meanings summery:

• मूढम् (mūḍham) - deluded, ignorant, confused

• चित्तम् (cittam) - the deluded mind (citta) (mind, consciousness)

• चित्तम् (cittam) - the word 'mind' (citta) itself (mind, consciousness)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• प्रबुद्धम् (prabuddham) - awakened, enlightened

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the awakened state of mind as *sattva* (*sattva*, purity, essence)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

• अप्रबुद्धाः (aprabuddhāḥ) - the unawakened, unenlightened

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• चित्तस्थाः (cittasthāḥ) - established in the mind, dwelling in the mind

• सत्त्वस्थाः (sattvasthāḥ) - established in *sattva*, firm in purity

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• महाधियः (mahādhiyaḥ) - those of great intellect, great-minded

Words meanings and morphology

मूढम् (mūḍham) - deluded, ignorant, confused

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - deluded, ignorant, foolish, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'cittam'.

चित्तम् (cittam) - the deluded mind (citta) (mind, consciousness)

(noun)

neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, thought, intellect (citta)

From root cit (to perceive, observe).

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Serves as the subject of the clause.

चित्तम् (cittam) - the word 'mind' (citta) itself (mind, consciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, thought, intellect (citta)

From root cit (to perceive, observe).

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'mūḍham cittam'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of brū

Root form, used for 'they say'. Irregular verb.

Root: brū (class 2)

प्रबुद्धम् (prabuddham) - awakened, enlightened

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prabuddha

prabuddha - awakened, enlightened, fully conscious

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'pra' and root 'budh' (to awaken, know).

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied 'cittam'.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the awakened state of mind as *sattva* (*sattva*, purity, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - purity, goodness, essence, reality, being (sattva)

Derived from 'sat' (being, existence).

Note: Predicate nominative for 'prabuddham'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अप्रबुद्धाः (aprabuddhāḥ) - the unawakened, unenlightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aprabuddha

aprabuddha - unawakened, unenlightened, ignorant

Negative compound of 'a' and 'prabuddha' (awakened).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prabuddha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• prabuddha – awakened, enlightened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'pra' and root 'budh' (to awaken, know).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to ordinary people who are still caught in ignorance.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

चित्तस्थाः (cittasthāḥ) - established in the mind, dwelling in the mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cittastha

cittastha - abiding in the mind (citta), dwelling in thoughts

Compound of 'citta' (mind) and 'stha' (standing, established).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citta+stha)

• citta – mind, consciousness, thought (citta)
  noun (neuter)
  From root cit (to perceive, observe).
  Root: cit (class 1)
• stha – standing, being, established in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root sthā
  Derived from the root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective for 'aprabuddhāḥ'.

सत्त्वस्थाः (sattvasthāḥ) - established in *sattva*, firm in purity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sattvastha

sattvastha - abiding in sattva, established in purity/goodness

Compound of 'sattva' (purity, essence) and 'stha' (standing, established).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sattva+stha)

• sattva – purity, goodness, essence, reality, being (sattva)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'sat' (being, existence).
• stha – standing, being, established in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root sthā
  Derived from the root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective for 'mahādhiyaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

महाधियः (mahādhiyaḥ) - those of great intellect, great-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahādhi

mahādhi - great intellect, great mind, high understanding

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'dhī' (intellect, understanding).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dhī)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dhī – intellect, understanding, thought, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  From root dhī (to think, perceive).
  Root: dhī (class 1)

Note: Refers to enlightened or wise individuals.