योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-32, verse-2

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
दामव्यालकुटुम्बैस्तैस्तदैव यमकिङ्करैः ।
प्रार्थितेन यमेनोक्तमिदं श्रृणु रघूद्वह ॥ २ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
dāmavyālakuṭumbaistaistadaiva yamakiṅkaraiḥ ,
prārthitena yamenoktamidaṃ śrṛṇu raghūdvaha 2

2. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca dāma-vyāla-kuṭumbaiḥ taiḥ tadā eva
yama-kiṅkaraiḥ prārthitena yamena uktam idam śṛṇu raghūdvaha

2. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca.
he raghūdvaha,
tadā eva taiḥ dāma-vyāla-kuṭumbaiḥ yama-kiṅkaraiḥ prārthitena yamena uktam idam śṛṇu.

2. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: O best of Raghu's lineage (Raghūdvaha), listen to this, which was spoken by Yama himself when he was entreated by those very families of (illusory) ropes and snakes, who are indeed his messengers (of death).

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Sage Vasiṣṭha

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दाम-व्याल-कुटुम्बैः (dāma-vyāla-kuṭumbaiḥ) - by those illusory fears likened to ropes and snakes (by the families/groups of ropes and snakes)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• यम-किङ्करैः (yama-kiṅkaraiḥ) - by the agents of suffering/death (by Yama's messengers/servants)

• प्रार्थितेन (prārthitena) - by the entreated, by the one requested

• यमेन (yamena) - by Yama

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said

• इदम् (idam) - this (story/teaching) (this, this one)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• रघूद्वह (raghūdvaha) - O Rama (O upholder of Raghu's lineage, O best of Raghu's lineage)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Sage Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - Revered Sage Vasiṣṭha

Compound of Śrī (auspicious, revered) and Vasiṣṭha (name of the sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – radiance, beauty, prosperity, sacred; prefix of respect
  noun (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (a prominent Vedic sage, guru of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दाम-व्याल-कुटुम्बैः (dāma-vyāla-kuṭumbaiḥ) - by those illusory fears likened to ropes and snakes (by the families/groups of ropes and snakes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dāma-vyāla-kuṭumba

dāma-vyāla-kuṭumba - family or group of ropes and snakes

Compound of dāma (rope), vyāla (snake), and kuṭumba (family)

Compound type : dvandva (dāma+vyāla+kuṭumba)

• dāma – rope, cord
  noun (neuter)
• vyāla – snake, beast of prey
  noun (masculine)
• kuṭumba – family, household, group
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the collective sources of illusion/suffering mentioned in the previous verse.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to the 'dāma-vyāla-kaṭa-ādīnām' (things like ropes, snakes, pits).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'at that very time'.

यम-किङ्करैः (yama-kiṅkaraiḥ) - by the agents of suffering/death (by Yama's messengers/servants)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yama-kiṅkara

yama-kiṅkara - Yama's messenger, servant of Yama (the god of death)

Tatpuruṣa compound of Yama (god of death) and kiṅkara (servant)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yama+kiṅkara)

• yama – Yama (the god of death and justice)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kiṅkara – servant, attendant, messenger
  noun (masculine)

Note: These messengers are identified with the 'families of ropes and snakes' from the previous phrase.

प्रार्थितेन (prārthitena) - by the entreated, by the one requested

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prārthita

prārthita - entreated, requested, prayed for, desired

Past Passive Participle

From root arth (to ask, request) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'yamena'.

यमेन (yamena) - by Yama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (the god of death, restraint, self-control)

Note: Agent of the action 'uktam'.

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicative, refers to 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - this (story/teaching) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Direct object of 'śṛṇu'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

रघूद्वह (raghūdvaha) - O Rama (O upholder of Raghu's lineage, O best of Raghu's lineage)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of raghūdvaha

raghūdvaha - upholder of Raghu's lineage, best of Raghu's race

Compound of Raghu (ancestor of Rama) and udvaha (bearing, carrying, chief)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (raghu+udvaha)

• raghu – Raghu (a mythical king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearing, carrying, chief, best
  noun (masculine)
  From root vah (to carry) with prefix ud-
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śrī Rāma, the listener.