योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-23, verse-3

श्रीराम उवाच ।
नगरीत्वं शरीरस्य कथं नाम महामुने ।
एतां चाधिवसन्योगी कथं राजसुखैकभाक् ॥ ३ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
nagarītvaṃ śarīrasya kathaṃ nāma mahāmune ,
etāṃ cādhivasanyogī kathaṃ rājasukhaikabhāk 3

3. śrīrāma uvāca | nagarītvam śarīrasya katham nāma mahāmune
| etām ca adhivasan yogī katham rāja-sukha-eka-bhāk ||

3. śrīrāma uvāca.
mahāmune,
śarīrasya nagarītvam katham nāma? ca etām adhivasan yogī katham rāja-sukha-eka-bhāk (bhavati)?

3. Śrī Rāma said: O great sage, how indeed is the body a city (nagarī)? And how does a practitioner of yoga (yogī), dwelling within this [body-city], become the sole partaker of royal happiness?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma (speaking) (Lord Rāma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• नगरीत्वम् (nagarītvam) - the quality of being a city, city-nature (the state of being a city, city-ness)

• शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, by name, an emphatic particle)

• महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage (addressing Vasiṣṭha) (O great sage)

• एताम् (etām) - this (city / body-city) (this (feminine))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अधिवसन् (adhivasan) - dwelling within (the body-city) (dwelling, residing)

• योगी (yogī) - a practitioner of yoga (yogī) (a yogi, a practitioner of yoga)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• राज-सुख-एक-भाक् (rāja-sukha-eka-bhāk) - the sole partaker of royal happiness (solely enjoying royal happiness, sole partaker of royal happiness)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma (speaking) (Lord Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - The glorious Rāma, an epithet for Lord Rāma

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – glory, wealth, prosperity, beauty
  noun (feminine)
• rāma – Rāma, a celebrated ancient king, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect 3rd person singular active, root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

नगरीत्वम् (nagarītvam) - the quality of being a city, city-nature (the state of being a city, city-ness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nagarī-tva

nagarī-tva - the state or quality of being a city

Derived from nagarī (city) with the suffix -tva (abstract noun)

Note: Subject of the implied question 'how is it a city?'

शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal frame

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Possessive, 'of the body'

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, by name, an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage (addressing Vasiṣṭha) (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-muni

mahā-muni - great sage, eminent ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Form of address

एताम् (etām) - this (city / body-city) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Object of the participle 'adhivasan'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अधिवसन् (adhivasan) - dwelling within (the body-city) (dwelling, residing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhivas

vas - to dwell, to reside, to live

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vas with prefix adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yogī'

योगी (yogī) - a practitioner of yoga (yogī) (a yogi, a practitioner of yoga)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogin

yogin - a practitioner of yoga (yoga), an ascetic, a saint

Derived from yoga (union, discipline)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of the second question

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

राज-सुख-एक-भाक् (rāja-sukha-eka-bhāk) - the sole partaker of royal happiness (solely enjoying royal happiness, sole partaker of royal happiness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāja-sukha-eka-bhāj

rāja-sukha-eka-bhāj - partaking solely of royal happiness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sukha+eka+bhāj)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• sukha – happiness, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• eka – one, sole, unique
  numeral (masculine)
• bhāj – partaker, sharer, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root bhaj (to share, to enjoy)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yogī'. The base form ends in 'j', but nominative singular is 'k' due to sandhi rules for word-final consonants.