योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-29, verse-15

जीर्णपर्णसवर्णैककर्णदोलाधिरूढया ।
काष्ठताड्यजराभीतजीववृत्त्येव चिह्निता ॥ १५ ॥

jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā ,
kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyeva cihnitā 15

15. jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā |
kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā iva cihnitā ||

15. (sā) jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā
kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā iva cihnitā

15. She was characterized by (the presence of) a woman mounted on a swing made from a single, old, faded, ear-shaped leaf, and as if marked by the daily life of creatures frightened by wooden clappers and old age.

15. שענדה על אוזנה עגיל בודד בצבע עלה יבש, ורושם חייה ניכר כמי שהונעה מאימת הזקנה, כמו חיה המוכה במקל.

Words meanings summery:

• जीर्णपर्णसवर्णैककर्णदोलाधिरूढया (jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā) - by a woman mounted on a swing made from a single ear-like, old, faded leaf

• काष्ठताड्यजराभीतजीववृत्त्या (kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā) - by the daily life/existence of creatures frightened by wooden clappers and old age

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• चिह्निता (cihnitā) - marked, characterized, distinguished

Words meanings and morphology

जीर्णपर्णसवर्णैककर्णदोलाधिरूढया (jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā) - by a woman mounted on a swing made from a single ear-like, old, faded leaf

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhā

jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhā - one who is mounted on a swing resembling a single old, faded, ear-shaped leaf

Past Passive Participle

Bahuvrīhi compound whose final element `adhirūḍhā` is a PPP. Describes a feminine agent.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jīrṇa+parṇa+savarṇa+eka+karṇa+dolā+adhirūḍha)

• jīrṇa – old, decayed, worn out
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jṝ (to decay, wear out) with suffix 'na'.
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• savarṇa – of the same color/class, similar in appearance
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sa' (with) and 'varṇa' (color, class).
  Prefix: sa
• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral/adjective (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)
• dolā – swing, hammock
  noun (feminine)
• adhirūḍha – mounted, ascended, gone upon
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `adhi-√ruh` (to mount, ascend) with suffix 'ta'.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: PPP used adjectivally to describe a feminine agent in instrumental case.

काष्ठताड्यजराभीतजीववृत्त्या (kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā) - by the daily life/existence of creatures frightened by wooden clappers and old age

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛtti

kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛtti - the livelihood/existence of living beings frightened by the striking of wood and by old age/decay

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāṣṭha+tāḍya+jarā+bhīta+jīva+vṛtti)

• kāṣṭha – wood, stick, timber
  noun (neuter)
• tāḍya – to be beaten/struck; a clapper/drumstick
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From √taḍ (to strike, beat) with suffix 'ya'.
  Root: taḍ (class 1)
• jarā – old age, decay, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• bhīta – frightened, scared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhī (to fear) with suffix 'ta'.
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• jīva – living being, creature, life
  noun (masculine)
  From √jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• vṛtti – livelihood, existence, activity, manner of being
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛt (to be, exist) with suffix 'ti'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating a characteristic means by which the subject is marked.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

चिह्निता (cihnitā) - marked, characterized, distinguished

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cihnita

cihnita - marked, distinguished, characterized

Past Passive Participle

From verb `cihni` (to mark, brand), formed with suffix 'ta'.

Root: cih

Note: PPP used as an adjective, agreeing with the implied feminine subject 'sā'.

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