योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-29, verse-15

जीर्णपर्णसवर्णैककर्णदोलाधिरूढया ।
काष्ठताड्यजराभीतजीववृत्त्येव चिह्निता ॥ १५ ॥

jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā ,
kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyeva cihnitā 15

15. jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā |
kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā iva cihnitā ||

15. (sā) jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā
kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā iva cihnitā

15. She was characterized by (the presence of) a woman mounted on a swing made from a single, old, faded, ear-shaped leaf, and as if marked by the daily life of creatures frightened by wooden clappers and old age.

Words meanings summery:

• जीर्णपर्णसवर्णैककर्णदोलाधिरूढया (jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā) - by a woman mounted on a swing made from a single ear-like, old, faded leaf

• काष्ठताड्यजराभीतजीववृत्त्या (kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā) - by the daily life/existence of creatures frightened by wooden clappers and old age

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• चिह्निता (cihnitā) - marked, characterized, distinguished

Words meanings and morphology

जीर्णपर्णसवर्णैककर्णदोलाधिरूढया (jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhayā) - by a woman mounted on a swing made from a single ear-like, old, faded leaf

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhā

jīrṇaparṇasavarṇaikakarṇadolādhirūḍhā - one who is mounted on a swing resembling a single old, faded, ear-shaped leaf

Past Passive Participle

Bahuvrīhi compound whose final element `adhirūḍhā` is a PPP. Describes a feminine agent.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jīrṇa+parṇa+savarṇa+eka+karṇa+dolā+adhirūḍha)

• jīrṇa – old, decayed, worn out
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jṝ (to decay, wear out) with suffix 'na'.
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• savarṇa – of the same color/class, similar in appearance
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sa' (with) and 'varṇa' (color, class).
  Prefix: sa
• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral/adjective (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)
• dolā – swing, hammock
  noun (feminine)
• adhirūḍha – mounted, ascended, gone upon
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `adhi-√ruh` (to mount, ascend) with suffix 'ta'.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: PPP used adjectivally to describe a feminine agent in instrumental case.

काष्ठताड्यजराभीतजीववृत्त्या (kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛttyā) - by the daily life/existence of creatures frightened by wooden clappers and old age

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛtti

kāṣṭhatāḍyajarābhītajīvavṛtti - the livelihood/existence of living beings frightened by the striking of wood and by old age/decay

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāṣṭha+tāḍya+jarā+bhīta+jīva+vṛtti)

• kāṣṭha – wood, stick, timber
  noun (neuter)
• tāḍya – to be beaten/struck; a clapper/drumstick
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From √taḍ (to strike, beat) with suffix 'ya'.
  Root: taḍ (class 1)
• jarā – old age, decay, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• bhīta – frightened, scared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhī (to fear) with suffix 'ta'.
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• jīva – living being, creature, life
  noun (masculine)
  From √jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• vṛtti – livelihood, existence, activity, manner of being
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛt (to be, exist) with suffix 'ti'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating a characteristic means by which the subject is marked.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

चिह्निता (cihnitā) - marked, characterized, distinguished

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cihnita

cihnita - marked, distinguished, characterized

Past Passive Participle

From verb `cihni` (to mark, brand), formed with suffix 'ta'.

Root: cih

Note: PPP used as an adjective, agreeing with the implied feminine subject 'sā'.

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