योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-69

असतो येऽनुवर्तन्ते चेतसोऽसत्यरूपिणः ।
व्योममारणकर्मैकनीतकालान्धिगस्तु तान् ॥ ६९ ॥

asato ye'nuvartante cetaso'satyarūpiṇaḥ ,
vyomamāraṇakarmaikanītakālāndhigastu tān 69

69. asataḥ ye anuvartante chetasaḥ asatyarūpiṇaḥ
vyomamāraṇakarmaikakālān dhik astu tān

69. dhik astu tān ye asatyarūpiṇaḥ chetasaḥ
asataḥ anuvartante vyomamāraṇakarmaikakālān

69. Shame upon them, whose minds, which are by nature unreal, pursue the non-existent, and whose time is consumed solely by the futile act of trying to destroy the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• असतः (asataḥ) - from the non-existent, unreal

• ये (ye) - who (plural, masculine)

• अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - they follow, they pursue, they conform to

• छेतसः (chetasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

• असत्यरूपिणः (asatyarūpiṇaḥ) - having the form of unreality, whose nature is unreal

• व्योममारणकर्मैककालान् (vyomamāraṇakarmaikakālān) - whose time is consumed solely by the act of killing the sky (a futile task)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame, fie, woe

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• तान् (tān) - them (masculine, plural)

Words meanings and morphology

असतः (asataḥ) - from the non-existent, unreal

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false

Negation of 'sat' (existent, real) with 'na'

ये (ye) - who (plural, masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - they follow, they pursue, they conform to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of anuvṛt

Root 'vṛt' with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

छेतसः (chetasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of chetas

chetas - mind, consciousness, intellect

Note: Can also be ablative; genitive fits 'minds, unreal in nature'.

असत्यरूपिणः (asatyarūpiṇaḥ) - having the form of unreality, whose nature is unreal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asatyarūpin

asatyarūpin - having the form of unreality, whose nature is unreal

Compound of 'asatya' and 'rūpin'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (asatya+rūpin)

• asatya – unreal, false, untrue
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of 'satya' (true, real) with 'na'
• rūpin – having a form, endowed with a nature, having the appearance of
  adjective (masculine)
  Formed from 'rūpa' with suffix '-in'

Note: Agrees with 'ye'

व्योममारणकर्मैककालान् (vyomamāraṇakarmaikakālān) - whose time is consumed solely by the act of killing the sky (a futile task)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vyomamāraṇakarmaikakāla

vyomamāraṇakarmaikakāla - one whose time is spent solely on the act of killing the sky

Bahuvrihi compound describing 'them'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyoman+māraṇa+karman+eka+nīta+kāla)

• vyoman – sky, atmosphere, space
  noun (neuter)
• māraṇa – killing, destroying, causing death
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun/Action noun
  Derived from the causal of root 'mṛ' (to die) with suffix '-ana'
  Root: mṛ (class 10)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• eka – one, sole, single
  adjective (masculine)
• nīta – led, guided, spent (time)
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'nī' (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tān'

धिक् (dhik) - shame, fie, woe

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तान् (tān) - them (masculine, plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

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