योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-42

जिह्वयैव रसास्वादः सजातीयामलोदयः ।
ऐक्यं च विद्धि संबन्धं नास्त्यसावसमानयोः ॥ ४२ ॥

jihvayaiva rasāsvādaḥ sajātīyāmalodayaḥ ,
aikyaṃ ca viddhi saṃbandhaṃ nāstyasāvasamānayoḥ 42

42. jihvayā eva rasāsvādaḥ sajātīyāmalaudayaḥ aikyam
ca viddhi sambandham na asti asau asamānayoḥ

42. jihvayā eva rasāsvādaḥ sajātīyāmalaudayaḥ ca
aikyam sambandham viddhi asau asamānayoḥ na asti

42. The experience of taste (rasāsvāda) occurs by the tongue (jihvā) alone, being a pure manifestation of what is of a similar kind. And know unity (aikya) to be the connection (sambandha); it does not exist between dissimilar things.

Words meanings summery:

• जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue

• एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed, just

• रसास्वादः (rasāsvādaḥ) - taste, experience of taste

• सजातीयामलौदयः (sajātīyāmalaudayaḥ) - a pure arising of a similar kind, the pure manifestation of that which is similar

• ऐक्यम् (aikyam) - unity, oneness, identity

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• सम्बन्धम् (sambandham) - connection, relationship

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• असौ (asau) - referring to unity/connection (that (one))

• असमानयोः (asamānayoḥ) - between dissimilar ones, of dissimilar ones

Words meanings and morphology

जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue

एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

रसास्वादः (rasāsvādaḥ) - taste, experience of taste

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasāsvāda

rasāsvāda - taste, experience of taste, relish

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rasa+āsvāda)

• rasa – taste, juice, essence, fluid, emotion
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ras' (to taste, roar).
  Root: ras (class 1)
• āsvāda – tasting, eating, enjoyment, experience
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'ā' + root 'svad' (to taste).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: svad (class 1)

सजातीयामलौदयः (sajātīyāmalaudayaḥ) - a pure arising of a similar kind, the pure manifestation of that which is similar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sajātīyāmalaudaya

sajātīyāmalaudaya - a pure arising of a similar kind

Compound of 'sajātīya' (of the same kind), 'amala' (pure), and 'udaya' (arising).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sajātīya+amala+udaya)

• sajātīya – of the same kind, homogeneous, similar
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sa' (with) + 'jāti' (birth, kind) + 'īya' suffix.
  Prefix: sa
• amala – pure, spotless, clean, free from impurity
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'a' (not) + 'mala' (dirt, impurity).
  Prefix: a
• udaya – rising, appearance, manifestation, origin
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'ud' (up) + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

ऐक्यम् (aikyam) - unity, oneness, identity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aikya

aikya - unity, oneness, identity, sameness

From 'eka' (one) + 'ya' suffix.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative 2nd singular

From root 'vid' (class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

सम्बन्धम् (sambandham) - connection, relationship

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sambandha

sambandha - connection, relationship, bond, union

From prefix 'sam' (together), 'bandh' (to bind)

Prefix: sam

Root: bandh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present 3rd singular

From root 'as' (class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

असौ (asau) - referring to unity/connection (that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'adas'. Can also be feminine. Fits 'sambandha'.

असमानयोः (asamānayoḥ) - between dissimilar ones, of dissimilar ones

(adjective)

masculine, dual of asamāna

asamāna - dissimilar, unequal, unlike

Negative prefix 'a' + 'samāna' (similar).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+samāna)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• samāna – similar, equal, same
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sa' (with) + 'māna' (measure, equal).
  Prefix: sa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Genitive/locative dual. Implies "between two dissimilar things/entities."