योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-2

महतानेन दुःखेन सर्वे ते ग्रामका जनाः ।
विनिर्गत्य गता दूरं सर्वे पञ्चत्वमागताः ॥ २ ॥

mahatānena duḥkhena sarve te grāmakā janāḥ ,
vinirgatya gatā dūraṃ sarve pañcatvamāgatāḥ 2

2. mahatā anena duḥkhena sarve te grāmakāḥ janāḥ
vinirgatya gatāḥ dūram sarve pañcatvam āgatāḥ

2. anena mahatā duḥkhena te sarve grāmakāḥ janāḥ
vinirgatya dūram gatāḥ sarve pañcatvam āgatāḥ

2. Due to this immense suffering, all those villagers, having departed, went far away. All of them then met their demise (pañcatvam āgatāḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• महता (mahatā) - by this great (suffering) (by great, by immense)

• अनेन (anena) - by this (suffering) (by this (masculine/neuter))

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by this suffering (by suffering, by pain)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, everyone)

• ते (te) - those (villagers) (those, they)

• ग्रामकाः (grāmakāḥ) - villagers (villagers (masculine nominative plural))

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, inhabitants (people, men)

• विनिर्गत्य (vinirgatya) - having left (the village) (having gone out, having departed)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - went (far away) (gone, went)

• दूरम् (dūram) - far away (far, distant, to a distance)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, everyone)

• पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - demise, death (the state of five (elements), death)

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - attained (demise) (came, arrived, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

महता (mahatā) - by this great (suffering) (by great, by immense)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble

Note: Modifies duḥkhena

अनेन (anena) - by this (suffering) (by this (masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies duḥkhena

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by this suffering (by suffering, by pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Indicates cause

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies janāḥ

ते (te) - those (villagers) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Modifies janāḥ

ग्रामकाः (grāmakāḥ) - villagers (villagers (masculine nominative plural))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grāmaka

grāmaka - small village, villager (as adjective/noun)

from grāma + -ka

Note: Modifies janāḥ

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, inhabitants (people, men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence

विनिर्गत्य (vinirgatya) - having left (the village) (having gone out, having departed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

vi (upasarga) + nir (upasarga) + gam (root) + -tya suffix

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: gam (class 1)

गताः (gatāḥ) - went (far away) (gone, went)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

from gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a finite verb in a past sense, agreeing with janāḥ

दूरम् (dūram) - far away (far, distant, to a distance)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to the villagers, reinforcing 'all of them'

पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - demise, death (the state of five (elements), death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcatva

pañcatva - state of five, reduction to the five elements, death

pañcan (five) + -tva (suffix for state/nature)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañcan+tva)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• tva – -ness, -hood (suffix forming abstract nouns)
  suffix (neuter)

Note: Direct object of āgatāḥ

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - attained (demise) (came, arrived, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, approached

Past Passive Participle

ā (upasarga) + gam (root)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a finite verb in a past sense, agreeing with sarve

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