योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-5

चण्डाल्युवाच ।
केनचित्त्वथ कालेन ग्रामकेऽस्मिञ्जनेश्वर ।
अवृष्टिदुःखमभवद्भीषणं भग्नमानवम् ॥ ५ ॥

caṇḍālyuvāca ,
kenacittvatha kālena grāmake'smiñjaneśvara ,
avṛṣṭiduḥkhamabhavadbhīṣaṇaṃ bhagnamānavam 5

5. caṇḍālī uvāca kenacit tu atha kālena grāmake asmin
janeśvara avṛṣṭi duḥkham abhavat bhīṣaṇam bhagna mānavam

5. caṇḍālī uvāca atha kenacit kālena,
janeśvara,
asmin grāmake bhīṣaṇam bhagna mānavam avṛṣṭi duḥkham tu abhavat

5. The Caṇḍālī said: 'Then, after some time, O lord of people (janeśvara), a terrible suffering from drought (āvṛṣṭi) befell this small village, devastating its inhabitants.'

Words meanings summery:

• चण्डाली (caṇḍālī) - The Caṇḍālī (speaker of the verse) (a woman of the Caṇḍāla caste (outcaste))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केनचित् (kenacit) - by some, by a certain

• तु (tu) - then (introducing a new phase of the narrative) (but, yet, indeed, then)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• कालेन (kālena) - after some time (by time, in time, after a period)

• ग्रामके (grāmake) - in this small village (in a small village, in a village)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (village) (in this (masculine/neuter))

• जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of people (addressing the listener) (O lord of people, O king)

• अवृष्टि (avṛṣṭi) - lack of rain, drought

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (from drought) (suffering, pain, sorrow)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, befell (was, occurred, became)

• भीषणम् (bhīṣaṇam) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fearful)

• भग्न (bhagna) - destructive (to humans) (broken, destroyed, defeated)

• मानवम् (mānavam) - humans (destructive to) (human, related to humans)

Words meanings and morphology

चण्डाली (caṇḍālī) - The Caṇḍālī (speaker of the verse) (a woman of the Caṇḍāla caste (outcaste))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of caṇḍālī

caṇḍālī - a woman of the Caṇḍāla caste, a female outcaste

Note: Name of the speaker

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

केनचित् (kenacit) - by some, by a certain

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kiṃcid

kiṁcid - something, someone, certain

Note: Modifies kālena

तु (tu) - then (introducing a new phase of the narrative) (but, yet, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - after some time (by time, in time, after a period)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Expresses duration or 'by means of time'

ग्रामके (grāmake) - in this small village (in a small village, in a village)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāmaka

grāmaka - small village, village (diminutive/pejorative)

from grāma + -ka (diminutive suffix)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (village) (in this (masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: modifies grāmake

जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of people (addressing the listener) (O lord of people, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

अवृष्टि (avṛṣṭi) - lack of rain, drought

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avṛṣṭi

avṛṣṭi - lack of rain, drought

a (negation) + vṛṣṭi (rain)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vṛṣṭi)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  from vṛṣ 'to rain'
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: First part of a tatpuruṣa compound

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (from drought) (suffering, pain, sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Subject of abhavat

अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, befell (was, occurred, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

root bhū, augment a-, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

भीषणम् (bhīṣaṇam) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhīṣaṇa

bhīṣaṇa - terrible, dreadful, formidable

Present Active Participle

from bhī 'to fear' (causative)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Modifies duḥkham

भग्न (bhagna) - destructive (to humans) (broken, destroyed, defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, frustrated

Past Passive Participle

from bhañj 'to break'

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: First part of a tatpuruṣa compound bhagna-mānavam

मानवम् (mānavam) - humans (destructive to) (human, related to humans)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mānava

mānava - human, man, offspring of Manu

Note: Second part of bhagna-mānavam compound, modifying duḥkham, implying 'that which broke/destroyed humans'

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