योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-66

प्रेक्षायामस्ति नो चित्तं तद्विहीनोऽसि तत्त्वतः ।
स किमर्थमनर्थेन तद्व्यर्थेन कदर्थ्यसे ॥ ६६ ॥

prekṣāyāmasti no cittaṃ tadvihīno'si tattvataḥ ,
sa kimarthamanarthena tadvyarthena kadarthyase 66

66. prekṣāyām asti no cittaṃ tat vihīnaḥ asi tattvataḥ
saḥ kim artham anarthena tat vyarthena kadarthyase

66. prekṣāyām cittaṃ na asti.
tattvataḥ tat vihīnaḥ asi.
saḥ kim artham anarthena tat vyarthena kadarthyase?

66. There is no mind (citta) in pure perception. In reality, you are devoid of that (mind). Why then are you tormented by that meaningless and futile thing?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रेक्षायाम् (prekṣāyām) - in pure perception (devoid of mental fabrication) (in perception, in observation, in spectacle)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, there is

• नो (no) - "not" in this context; a combination of `na` + `u` (an expletive or emphatic particle) (not, nor, but not)

• चित्तं (cittaṁ) - mind, thought, consciousness

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to `cittaṃ`) (that, it)

• विहीनः (vihīnaḥ) - devoid of, destitute of, without

• असि (asi) - are, exist

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in reality, truly, essentially

• सः (saḥ) - then (as a connective or emphatic particle) (he, that)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, why (when combined with kim) (purpose, meaning, for the sake of, object)

• अनर्थेन (anarthena) - by that which is meaningless (by meaninglessness, by misfortune, by trouble)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to `anarthena`), often used adverbially here (that, it)

• व्यर्थेन (vyarthena) - by the useless, by the futile, by the vain

• कदर्थ्यसे (kadarthyase) - you are tormented, you are distressed, you are abused

Words meanings and morphology

प्रेक्षायाम् (prekṣāyām) - in pure perception (devoid of mental fabrication) (in perception, in observation, in spectacle)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prekṣā

prekṣā - seeing, looking, perception, observation, spectacle, drama

From pra-īkṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, there is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

root as, present active 3rd singular

Root: as (class 2)

नो (no) - "not" in this context; a combination of `na` + `u` (an expletive or emphatic particle) (not, nor, but not)

(indeclinable)

Combination of na + u, where u is an expletive.

चित्तं (cittaṁ) - mind, thought, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, thought, consciousness, understanding, intellect, heart

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Given "nāstyeva", nominative fits as the subject.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to `cittaṃ`) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, functions as the subject for "vihīnaḥ asi".

विहीनः (vihīnaḥ) - devoid of, destitute of, without

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - abandoned, devoid of, destitute, deficient, separated from

Past Passive Participle

From vi-hā + kta suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject "you".

असि (asi) - are, exist

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

root as, present active 2nd singular

Root: as (class 2)

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in reality, truly, essentially

(indeclinable)

From tattva (truth, reality) + -tas (adverbial suffix)

सः (saḥ) - then (as a connective or emphatic particle) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Often used as an emphatic or connective particle ("then," "so").

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why, whether

Note: Used as an interrogative pronoun or adverb. Here, 'why'.

अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, why (when combined with kim) (purpose, meaning, for the sake of, object)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, meaning, object, wealth, thing

Note: `kim artham` is an idiom for "why, for what purpose".

अनर्थेन (anarthena) - by that which is meaningless (by meaninglessness, by misfortune, by trouble)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - meaningless, useless, misfortune, trouble, evil, calamity

Negative compound: an-artha (not artha)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (Nañ-Tatpuruṣa) (na+artha)

• na – not
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to `anarthena`), often used adverbially here (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Adjectival use with `vyarthena`, referring to `anarthena`. Though nominative/accusative, functions here as a demonstrative for the instrumental noun it modifies.

व्यर्थेन (vyarthena) - by the useless, by the futile, by the vain

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyartha

vyartha - useless, vain, futile, meaningless, unsuccessful

Compound: vi-artha (devoid of purpose)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (Prādi-Tatpuruṣa) (vi+artha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  prefix
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `anarthena`.

कदर्थ्यसे (kadarthyase) - you are tormented, you are distressed, you are abused

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kadarthaya

Denominative verb from kadartha (misery, abuse)

From kad-artha, denominative verb in passive voice

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Middle voice ending indicates passive voice for denominative verbs.