वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-40, verse-56

सखे राघव धर्मज्ञ रिपूणामपि वत्सल ।
अभ्यनुज्ञातुमिच्छामि गमिष्यामि यथागतम् ॥५६॥

56. sakhe rāghava dharmajña ripūṇāmapi vatsala ,
abhyanujñātumicchāmi gamiṣyāmi yathāgatam.

56. sakhe rāghava dharmajña ripūṇām api vatsala
abhyanujñātum icchāmi gamiṣyāmi yathā āgatam

56. sakhe rāghava dharmajña api ripūṇām vatsala
abhyanujñātum icchāmi yathā āgatam gamiṣyāmi

56. O friend, Rāghava, you who know natural law (dharma) and are affectionate even towards your enemies! I wish to be permitted to depart; I will return the way I came.

Words meanings summery:

• सखे (sakhe) - O friend

• राघव (rāghava) - O descendant of Raghu, O Rāma

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - knowing (dharma), righteous, virtuous

• रिपूणाम् (ripūṇām) - of enemies

• अपि (api) - even, also

• वत्सल (vatsala) - affectionate, kind, loving

• अभ्यनुज्ञातुम् (abhyanujñātum) - to permit, to take leave, to allow

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in which manner

• आगतम् (āgatam) - having come, arrived, as I came

Words meanings and morphology

सखे (sakhe) - O friend

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

राघव (rāghava) - O descendant of Raghu, O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

vr̥ddhi derivation from raghu

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - knowing (dharma), righteous, virtuous

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix 'jña' (from jñā)
  derived from root jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to Rāghava

रिपूणाम् (ripūṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

वत्सल (vatsala) - affectionate, kind, loving

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsala

vatsala - affectionate, kind, loving

from vatsa (calf, child)

Note: Refers to Rāghava

अभ्यनुज्ञातुम् (abhyanujñātum) - to permit, to take leave, to allow

(verb)

infinitive of abhyanujñā

infinitive

infinitive of √jñā with prefixes abhi and anu

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

present active indicative

First person singular, present tense, active voice of √iṣ (class 6)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (luṭ) of gam

future active indicative

First person singular, future tense, active voice of √gam (class 1)

Root: gam (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in which manner

(indeclinable)

आगतम् (āgatam) - having come, arrived, as I came

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √gam with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: This form is neuter singular nominative/accusative, modifying the action of 'going'.

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