वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-40, verse-12

ते निवृत्ताः पुनः सर्वे वानरास्त्यक्तसंभ्रमाः ।
ऋक्षराजवचः श्रुत्वा तं च दृष्ट्वा विभीषणम् ॥१२॥

12. te nivṛttāḥ punaḥ sarve vānarāstyaktasaṃbhramāḥ ,
ṛkṣarājavacaḥ śrutvā taṃ ca dṛṣṭvā vibhīṣaṇam.

12. te nivṛttāḥ punaḥ sarve vānarāḥ tyakta-saṃbhramāḥ
ṛkṣa-rāja-vacaḥ śrutvā tam ca dṛṣṭvā vibhīṣaṇam

12. ṛkṣa-rāja-vacaḥ śrutvā tam ca vibhīṣaṇam dṛṣṭvā
tyakta-saṃbhramāḥ te sarve vānarāḥ punaḥ nivṛttāḥ

12. They, all the monkeys, free from agitation, turned back again. They had heard the words of the king of the bears (ṛkṣarāja) and had seen Vibhīṣaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (monkeys) (they, those)

• निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - turned back (turned back, returned, ceased, abstained)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, furthermore, but, on the other hand)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the monkeys) (all, whole, every)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

• त्यक्त-संभ्रमाः (tyakta-saṁbhramāḥ) - free from agitation (having abandoned confusion/agitation, free from agitation)

• ऋक्ष-राज-वचः (ṛkṣa-rāja-vacaḥ) - the words of the king of the bears (Jāmbavān) (words of the king of bears)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तम् (tam) - him (Vibhīṣaṇa) (him, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhīṣaṇa (Vibhīṣaṇa (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (monkeys) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - turned back (turned back, returned, ceased, abstained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, returned, ceased, abstained, retired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni-vṛt (turn back, cease) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective for 'vānarāḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, furthermore, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the monkeys) (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, complete

Note: Agrees with 'vānarāḥ' and 'te'.

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of the sentence.

त्यक्त-संभ्रमाः (tyakta-saṁbhramāḥ) - free from agitation (having abandoned confusion/agitation, free from agitation)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tyaktasaṃbhrama

tyaktasaṁbhrama - free from agitation, having abandoned confusion

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tyakta+saṃbhrama)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, given up
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from tyaj (to abandon) + kta (passive participle suffix)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• saṃbhrama – agitation, confusion, hurry, perturbation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vānarāḥ'.

ऋक्ष-राज-वचः (ṛkṣa-rāja-vacaḥ) - the words of the king of the bears (Jāmbavān) (words of the king of bears)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛkṣarājavacas

ṛkṣarājavacas - words of the king of bears

Compound noun

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (ṛkṣarāja+vacas)

• ṛkṣarāja – king of bears
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ṛkṣa (bear) and rāja (king)
• vacas – word, speech, saying
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from śru (to hear) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

तम् (tam) - him (Vibhīṣaṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vibhīṣaṇa.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śrutvā' and 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from dṛś (to see) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhīṣaṇa (Vibhīṣaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhīṣaṇa (name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

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