वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-40, verse-27

तदा स्म दानवा देवाञ् शरसंस्पर्शकोविदाः ।
निजघ्नुः शस्त्रविदुषश्छादयन्तो मुहुर्मुहुः ॥२७॥

27. tadā sma dānavā devāñ śarasaṃsparśakovidāḥ ,
nijaghnuḥ śastraviduṣaśchādayanto muhurmuhuḥ.

27. tadā sma dānavāḥ devān śarasaṃsparśakovidaḥ
nijaghnuḥ śastraviduṣaḥ chādayantaḥ muhurmuhuḥ

27. At that time, the Danavas (demons), skilled in arrow-combat, repeatedly struck down and overwhelmed the gods who were proficient in weaponry.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - (during the Devasura war) (then, at that time)

• स्म (sma) - Used here with a past tense verb ('nijaghnuḥ') for emphasis or narrative continuity. (an indicator of past tense (when used with present tense verb) or emphatic particle.)

• दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - A class of powerful asuras. (the Danavas, demons)

• देवान् (devān) - The celestial beings. (the gods)

• शरसंस्पर्शकोविदः (śarasaṁsparśakovidaḥ) - Describing the Danavas' proficiency in warfare. (skilled in the impact of arrows, expert in arrow-combat)

• निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, struck down

• शस्त्रविदुषः (śastraviduṣaḥ) - Describing the gods' proficiency in warfare. (those skilled in weapons, weapon-knowing)

• छादयन्तः (chādayantaḥ) - The Danavas covering the gods with arrows. (covering, overwhelming)

• मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - (during the Devasura war) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - Used here with a past tense verb ('nijaghnuḥ') for emphasis or narrative continuity. (an indicator of past tense (when used with present tense verb) or emphatic particle.)

(indeclinable)

दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - A class of powerful asuras. (the Danavas, demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - Danava (a class of demons or asuras)

Derived from Danu (their mother)

Note: Subject of 'nijaghnuḥ'.

देवान् (devān) - The celestial beings. (the gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, celestial being

Note: Object of 'nijaghnuḥ'.

शरसंस्पर्शकोविदः (śarasaṁsparśakovidaḥ) - Describing the Danavas' proficiency in warfare. (skilled in the impact of arrows, expert in arrow-combat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śarasaṃsparśakovida

śarasaṁsparśakovida - skilled in arrow-contact, expert in archery

Compound: śara (arrow) + saṃsparśa (contact/impact) + kovida (skilled)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+saṃsparśa+kovida)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• saṃsparśa – contact, touch, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
• kovida – skilled, expert, clever
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dānavāḥ'.

निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, struck down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect Tense

3rd person plural perfect active of root han with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

शस्त्रविदुषः (śastraviduṣaḥ) - Describing the gods' proficiency in warfare. (those skilled in weapons, weapon-knowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śastravidus

śastravidus - skilled in weapons, knowing weapons

Compound: śastra (weapon) + vidus (knowing/skilled)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śastra+vidus)

• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
• vidus – knowing, wise, skilled
  adjective (masculine)
  Participle/Derived Noun
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'devān'.

छादयन्तः (chādayantaḥ) - The Danavas covering the gods with arrows. (covering, overwhelming)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of chād

chād - to cover, conceal, overwhelm

Present Active Participle

Nominative plural masculine of present active participle from causal of root chad (to cover)

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'dānavāḥ', indicating simultaneous action.

मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

Iterative compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (muhus+muhus)

• muhus – momentarily, instantly, repeatedly
  indeclinable

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