वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-40, verse-15

इमौ तौ सत्त्वसंपन्नौ विक्रान्तौ प्रियसंयुगौ ।
इमामवस्थां गमितौ राकसैः कूटयोधिभिः ॥१५॥

15. imau tau sattvasaṃpannau vikrāntau priyasaṃyugau ,
imāmavasthāṃ gamitau rākasaiḥ kūṭayodhibhiḥ.

15. imau tau sattva-sampannau vikrāntau priya-saṃyugau
imām avasthām gamitau rākṣasaiḥ kūṭa-yodhibhiḥ

15. imau tau sattva-sampannau vikrāntau priya-saṃyugau
(puruṣau) kūṭa-yodhibhiḥ rākṣasaiḥ imām avasthām gamitau

15. These two, full of courage (sattva), valiant, and fond of battle, have been brought to this state by the demons (rākṣas) who fight deceitfully.

Words meanings summery:

• इमौ (imau) - these two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (these two)

• तौ (tau) - those two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (those two)

• सत्त्व-सम्पन्नौ (sattva-sampannau) - full of courage (sattva) (endowed with `sattva`/courage, full of spirit)

• विक्रान्तौ (vikrāntau) - valiant (valiant, mighty, powerful)

• प्रिय-संयुगौ (priya-saṁyugau) - fond of battle (fond of battle, loving encounter)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine))

• अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - (this) state (state, condition, situation)

• गमितौ (gamitau) - have been brought (to this state) (caused to go, led, brought, reduced)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the demons (rākṣasas) (by demons, by rākṣasas)

• कूट-योधिभिः (kūṭa-yodhibhiḥ) - by those who fight deceitfully (by those fighting deceitfully/unfairly, by treacherous warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

इमौ (imau) - these two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (these two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

तौ (tau) - those two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Emphatic repetition or specification with 'imau'.

सत्त्व-सम्पन्नौ (sattva-sampannau) - full of courage (sattva) (endowed with `sattva`/courage, full of spirit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sattvasampanna

sattvasampanna - endowed with `sattva` (courage, purity, essence), full of spirit/goodness

Compound adjective

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (sattva+sampanna)

• sattva – `sattva`, essence, existence, reality, goodness, courage, strength
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• sampanna – endowed with, furnished with, accomplished, complete
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from sam-pad (to be accomplished, endowed) + kta (passive participle suffix)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'imau tau'.

विक्रान्तौ (vikrāntau) - valiant (valiant, mighty, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vikrānta

vikrānta - valiant, brave, mighty, powerful, having strode forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from vi-kram (to step out, be valiant) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'imau tau'.

प्रिय-संयुगौ (priya-saṁyugau) - fond of battle (fond of battle, loving encounter)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of priyasaṃyuga

priyasaṁyuga - fond of battle, loving encounter/union

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrihi (priya+saṃyuga)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃyuga – battle, encounter, union, conjunction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'imau tau'.

इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Modifies 'avasthām'.

अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - (this) state (state, condition, situation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthā

avasthā - state, condition, situation, circumstance

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gamitau'.

गमितौ (gamitau) - have been brought (to this state) (caused to go, led, brought, reduced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gamita

gamita - caused to go, led, brought, reduced (to a state)

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from gam (to go) + ṇic (causative) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main predicate, passive construction.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the demons (rākṣasas) (by demons, by rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, `rākṣasa`

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

कूट-योधिभिः (kūṭa-yodhibhiḥ) - by those who fight deceitfully (by those fighting deceitfully/unfairly, by treacherous warriors)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kūṭayodhin

kūṭayodhin - fighting deceitfully, treacherous warrior

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpurusha (kūṭa+yodhin)

• kūṭa – deceit, fraud, trickery, false
  noun (masculine)
• yodhin – fighting, warrior, fighter
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from yudh (to fight) + ṇini
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'rākṣasaiḥ'.

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