वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-40, verse-13

विभीषणस्तु रामस्य दृष्ट्वा गात्रं शरैश्चितम् ।
लक्ष्मणस्य च धर्मात्मा बभूव व्यथितेन्द्रियः ॥१३॥

13. vibhīṣaṇastu rāmasya dṛṣṭvā gātraṃ śaraiścitam ,
lakṣmaṇasya ca dharmātmā babhūva vyathitendriyaḥ.

13. vibhīṣaṇaḥ tu rāmasya dṛṣṭvā gātram śaraiḥ citam
lakṣmaṇasya ca dharmātmā babhūva vyathita-indriyaḥ

13. tu dharmātmā vibhīṣaṇaḥ rāmasya śaraiḥ citam gātram dṛṣṭvā
ca lakṣmaṇasya (gātram) (dṛṣṭvā) vyathitendriyaḥ babhūva

13. But Vibhīṣaṇa, a man of righteous nature (dharmātmā), seeing Rāma's body covered with arrows, and also Lakṣmaṇa's, became distressed in his senses.

Words meanings summery:

• विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa (Vibhīṣaṇa (proper noun))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• गात्रम् (gātram) - body (body, limb)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• चितम् (citam) - covered (with arrows) (covered, piled up, strewed)

• लक्ष्मणस्य (lakṣmaṇasya) - of Lakṣmaṇa

• च (ca) - and (also) (and, also)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a man of righteous nature (dharmātmā) (one whose soul is (inclined to) `dharma`, righteous, virtuous)

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became (he became, he was)

• व्यथित-इन्द्रियः (vyathita-indriyaḥ) - distressed in his senses (whose senses are pained/distressed, having agitated senses)

Words meanings and morphology

विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa (Vibhīṣaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhīṣaṇa (name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrast or a new point.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the seventh avatar of Vishnu)

Note: Possessive, refers to 'gātram'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from dṛś (to see) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'babhūva'.

गात्रम् (gātram) - body (body, limb)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gātra

gātra - body, limb, member

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Means by which the body is covered.

चितम् (citam) - covered (with arrows) (covered, piled up, strewed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cita

cita - piled up, heaped, covered, strewed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ci (to pile, gather) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'gātram'.

लक्ष्मणस्य (lakṣmaṇasya) - of Lakṣmaṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (name of Rāma's younger brother)

Note: Implied 'gātram' is the object, also connected by 'ca'.

च (ca) - and (also) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a man of righteous nature (dharmātmā) (one whose soul is (inclined to) `dharma`, righteous, virtuous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, virtuous person, one whose nature (ātman) is `dharma`

Compound noun

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – `dharma`, law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – `ātman`, self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Vibhīṣaṇa.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

व्यथित-इन्द्रियः (vyathita-indriyaḥ) - distressed in his senses (whose senses are pained/distressed, having agitated senses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathitendriya

vyathitendriya - whose senses are distressed, having agitated senses

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyathita+indriya)

• vyathita – pained, distressed, agitated, troubled
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from vyath (to be agitated, pained) + kta (passive participle suffix)
  Root: vyath (class 1)
• indriya – sense, sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for Vibhīṣaṇa, describing his state.

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