वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-11, verse-51

पृच्छ्यमानो विशङ्केत सहसा बुद्धिमान् वचः ।
तत्र मित्रं प्रदुष्येत मिथ्यपृष्टं सुखागतम् ॥५१॥

51. pṛcchyamāno viśaṅketa sahasā buddhimān vacaḥ ,
tatra mitraṃ praduṣyeta mithyapṛṣṭaṃ sukhāgatam.

51. pṛcchyamānaḥ viśaṅketa sahasā buddhimān vacaḥ
tatra mitram praduṣyeta mithyāpṛṣṭam sukhāgatam

51. buddhimān pṛcchyamānaḥ sahasā vacaḥ viśaṅketa
tatra sukhāgatam mitram mithyāpṛṣṭam praduṣyeta

51. An intelligent person, when questioned abruptly, might become suspicious of the statement. In such a situation, a friend who has come willingly could become alienated if improperly questioned.

Words meanings summery:

• पृच्छ्यमानः (pṛcchyamānaḥ) - being questioned, being asked

• विशङ्केत (viśaṅketa) - would suspect, might doubt, would become fearful

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, hastily, forcibly

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise person

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, then

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• प्रदुष्येत (praduṣyeta) - would become corrupted, would become offended, would be alienated

• मिथ्यापृष्टम् (mithyāpṛṣṭam) - improperly questioned, falsely asked

• सुखागतम् (sukhāgatam) - who has come easily, who has come happily/willingly

Words meanings and morphology

पृच्छ्यमानः (pṛcchyamānaḥ) - being questioned, being asked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛcchyamāna

pṛcchyamāna - being asked, being questioned

Present Passive Participle

From root `prac` (to ask) + `ya` (passive marker) + `māna` (present participle suffix).

Root: prac (class 6)

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'one who is being questioned'.

विशङ्केत (viśaṅketa) - would suspect, might doubt, would become fearful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of viśaṅk

Optative mood, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root `śaṅk` (to doubt, fear) with preverb `vi-`.

Prefix: vi

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, hastily, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of `sahas` (force), used adverbially.

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, possessing intellect

Formed with `matup` suffix from `buddhi`.

Note: Acts as a noun here.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, utterance

Stem ending in -as.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Can also be nominative singular, but accusative fits the context better as object of suspicion.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, then

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem `tad`.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, sun (Vedic)

प्रदुष्येत (praduṣyeta) - would become corrupted, would become offended, would be alienated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of praduṣ

Optative mood, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root `duṣ` (to be bad, spoil) with preverb `pra-`. The ending `eta` suggests ātmanepada (vidhiliṅ `īt` becomes `eta`).

Prefix: pra

Root: duṣ (class 4)

मिथ्यापृष्टम् (mithyāpṛṣṭam) - improperly questioned, falsely asked

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mithyāpṛṣṭa

mithyāpṛṣṭa - improperly asked, falsely questioned

Past Passive Participle (for `pṛṣṭa`)

Compound of `mithyā` (falsely) and `pṛṣṭa` (asked).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mithyā+pṛṣṭa)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, improperly
  indeclinable
• pṛṣṭa – asked, questioned
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `prac` (to ask).
  Root: prac (class 6)

Note: Modifies `mitram`.

सुखागतम् (sukhāgatam) - who has come easily, who has come happily/willingly

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukhāgata

sukhāgata - having come happily, easily arrived, who came with pleasure

Past Passive Participle (for `āgata`)

Compound of `sukha` (happiness/ease) and `āgata` (come).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+āgata)

• sukha – happiness, ease, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
• āgata – come, arrived, approached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `gam` (to go) with preverb `ā-`.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `mitram`.