वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-11, verse-48

स एष देशः कालश्च भवतीह यथा तथा ।
पुरुषात् पुरुषं प्राप्य तथा दोषगुणावपि ॥४८॥

48. sa eṣa deśaḥ kālaśca bhavatīha yathā tathā ,
puruṣāt puruṣaṃ prāpya tathā doṣaguṇāvapi.

48. saḥ eṣaḥ deśaḥ kālaḥ ca bhavati iha yathā tathā
puruṣāt puruṣam prāpya tathā doṣaguṇau api

48. iha saḥ eṣaḥ deśaḥ kālaḥ ca puruṣāt puruṣam
prāpya yathā tathā bhavati tathā doṣaguṇau api

48. This very place and time changes here from one person to another (puruṣa), and similarly, so do both faults and merits.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• देशः (deśaḥ) - place, country, region

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, period, proper time

• च (ca) - and, also

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner, similarly

• पुरुषात् (puruṣāt) - from one (cosmic) person (puruṣa) to another (from a person)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - to another (cosmic) person (puruṣa) (to a person)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner, similarly

• दोषगुणौ (doṣaguṇau) - faults and merits, vices and virtues

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of the pronoun 'tad'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of the pronoun 'etad', often used with 'sa' for emphasis 'this very'.

देशः (deśaḥ) - place, country, region

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, country, region, spot

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, period, proper time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper time

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active indicative

Third person singular present active indicative of √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: Paired with 'tathā' to mean 'as... so...'

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Paired with 'yathā' to mean 'as... so...'

पुरुषात् (puruṣāt) - from one (cosmic) person (puruṣa) to another (from a person)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Ablative singular masculine of 'puruṣa'.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - to another (cosmic) person (puruṣa) (to a person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Accusative singular masculine of 'puruṣa'. 'puruṣāt puruṣam' means 'from one person to another'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive (gerund) form of √prāp (to reach, obtain) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: prāp (class 5)

Note: Signifies completion of action before the main verb.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis on similarity.

दोषगुणौ (doṣaguṇau) - faults and merits, vices and virtues

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of doṣaguṇa

doṣaguṇa - fault and merit, vice and virtue

Dvandva compound of 'doṣa' (fault) and 'guṇa' (merit).

Compound type : dvandva (doṣa+guṇa)

• doṣa – fault, defect, vice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• guṇa – merit, quality, virtue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Nominative dual masculine.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)