वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-11, verse-2

तं मेरुशिखराकारं दीप्तामिव शतह्रदाम् ।
गगनस्थं महीस्थास्ते ददृशुर्वानराधिपाः ॥२॥

2. taṃ meruśikharākāraṃ dīptāmiva śatahradām ,
gaganasthaṃ mahīsthāste dadṛśurvānarādhipāḥ.

2. tam meruśikharākāram dīptām iva śatahṛdām
gaganastham mahīsthāḥ te dadṛśuḥ vānarādhipāḥ

2. mahīsthāḥ te vānarādhipāḥ meruśikharākāram
dīptām iva śatahṛdām gaganastham tam dadṛśuḥ

2. The chiefs of the monkeys (vānarādhipāḥ), who were standing on the earth, saw him, appearing like the peak of Mount Meru and shining like a hundred flashes of lightning, standing in the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Vibhishana) (him, that (masculine, accusative))

• मेरुशिखराकारम् (meruśikharākāram) - appearing like the peak of Mount Meru (having the form of Mount Meru's peak)

• दीप्ताम् (dīptām) - shining (shining, blazing, bright (feminine))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• शतहृदाम् (śatahṛdām) - a hundred flashes of lightning (implied by 'dīptām') (a hundred lakes; lightning (feminine, accusative))

• गगनस्थम् (gaganastham) - standing in the sky (standing in the sky, existing in the sky)

• महीस्थाः (mahīsthāḥ) - those standing on the earth

• ते (te) - they (they, those (masculine, nominative plural))

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - saw (they saw, they beheld)

• वानराधिपाः (vānarādhipāḥ) - the chiefs of the monkeys (chiefs of monkeys, monkey kings)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Vibhishana) (him, that (masculine, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vibhishana from the previous context.

मेरुशिखराकारम् (meruśikharākāram) - appearing like the peak of Mount Meru (having the form of Mount Meru's peak)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of meruśikharākāra

meruśikharākāra - having the form of Mount Meru's peak

compound of Meru (mountain), śikhara (peak), and ākāra (form)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (meru+śikhara+ākāra)

• meru – Mount Meru (mythical mountain)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śikhara – peak, summit
  noun (neuter)
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

दीप्ताम् (dīptām) - shining (shining, blazing, bright (feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - shining, blazing, bright, splendid

Past Passive Participle

from root dīp (to shine, blaze)

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śatahṛdām'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

शतहृदाम् (śatahṛdām) - a hundred flashes of lightning (implied by 'dīptām') (a hundred lakes; lightning (feminine, accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śatahṛdā

śatahṛdā - lightning (lit. 'having a hundred flashes' or 'a hundred lakes')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+hṛdā)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• hṛdā – lake, stream, lightning flash (poetic)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used here to mean lightning due to context with 'dīptām'.

गगनस्थम् (gaganastham) - standing in the sky (standing in the sky, existing in the sky)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gaganastha

gaganastha - standing in the sky, sky-dwelling

compound of gagana (sky) and stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (gagana+stha)

• gagana – sky, atmosphere
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

महीस्थाः (mahīsthāḥ) - those standing on the earth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīstha

mahīstha - standing on the earth, terrestrial

compound of mahī (earth) and stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+stha)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, situated, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vānarādhipāḥ'.

ते (te) - they (they, those (masculine, nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vānarādhipāḥ'.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - saw (they saw, they beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वानराधिपाः (vānarādhipāḥ) - the chiefs of the monkeys (chiefs of monkeys, monkey kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānarādhipa

vānarādhipa - chief of monkeys, monkey king

compound of vānara (monkey) and adhipa (chief, lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+adhipa)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – chief, ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi (over) + pa (protector, ruler)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'dadṛśuḥ'.