वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-11, verse-14

सो ऽहं परुषितस्तेन दासवच्चावमानितः ।
त्यक्त्वा पुत्रांश्च दारांश्च राघवं शरणं गतः ॥१४॥

14. so'haṃ paruṣitastena dāsavaccāvamānitaḥ ,
tyaktvā putrāṃśca dārāṃśca rāghavaṃ śaraṇaṃ gataḥ.

14. saḥ aham paruṣitaḥ tena dāsavat ca avamānitaḥ
tyaktvā putrān ca dārān ca rāghavam śaraṇam gataḥ

14. Therefore, having been harshly addressed by him and insulted like a servant, I abandoned my sons and wives and sought refuge with Rāghava (Rāma).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Therefore (linking to the previous statement about Rāvaṇa's refusal) (he, that one)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• परुषितः (paruṣitaḥ) - having been harshly addressed (harshly spoken to, insulted)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Rāvaṇa) (by him)

• दासवत् (dāsavat) - like a servant, as a slave

• च (ca) - and

• अवमानितः (avamānitaḥ) - insulted, humiliated

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - my sons (sons)

• च (ca) - and

• दारान् (dārān) - my wives (wives)

• च (ca) - and

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - to Rāghava (Rāma) (to Rāghava)

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection

• गतः (gataḥ) - sought (refuge) (gone, resorted to, sought)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Therefore (linking to the previous statement about Rāvaṇa's refusal) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Here acts as a demonstrative, implicitly indicating 'that very I' or 'such I', linking to the previous sentence.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Refers to Vibhīṣaṇa (the speaker).

परुषितः (paruṣitaḥ) - having been harshly addressed (harshly spoken to, insulted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paruṣita

paruṣita - made harsh, abused, insulted, scolded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root paruṣ (to be harsh) or derived from paruṣa (harsh) noun/adjective.

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

तेन (tena) - by him (Rāvaṇa) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent for the passive participle `paruṣitaḥ`. Refers to Rāvaṇa.

दासवत् (dāsavat) - like a servant, as a slave

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -vat (like)

Note: Modifies `avamānitaḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two participles.

अवमानितः (avamānitaḥ) - insulted, humiliated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamānita

avamānita - insulted, humiliated, disrespected

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think, respect) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Describes the action performed by the speaker before seeking refuge.

पुत्रान् (putrān) - my sons (sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `tyaktvā`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sons' and 'wives'.

दारान् (dārān) - my wives (wives)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (always plural in Sanskrit for 'wives')

Note: Object of `tyaktvā`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Redundant `ca` for emphasis or stylistic choice, meaning 'both sons and wives'.

राघवम् (rāghavam) - to Rāghava (Rāma) (to Rāghava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Patronymic from Raghu.

Note: Object of motion, or recipient of refuge.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, asylum

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `gataḥ`.

गतः (gataḥ) - sought (refuge) (gone, resorted to, sought)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, resorted to, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.