वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-11, verse-3

तमात्मपञ्चमं दृष्ट्वा सुग्रीवो वानराधिपः ।
वानरैः सह दुर्धर्षश्चिन्तयामास बुद्धिमान् ॥३॥

3. tamātmapañcamaṃ dṛṣṭvā sugrīvo vānarādhipaḥ ,
vānaraiḥ saha durdharṣaścintayāmāsa buddhimān.

3. tam ātmapañcamam dṛṣṭvā sugrīvaḥ vanarādhipaḥ
vanaraiḥ saha durdharṣaḥ cintayāmāsa buddhimān

3. sugrīvaḥ vanarādhipaḥ durdharṣaḥ buddhimān tam
ātmapañcamam vanaraiḥ saha dṛṣṭvā cintayāmāsa

3. Seeing him, along with himself as the fifth, the formidable and wise Sugriva, the lord of the monkeys, began to ponder together with his monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the messenger/demon) (him, that)

• आत्मपञ्चमम् (ātmapañcamam) - including himself (Sugriva) as the fifth member of the group (having oneself as the fifth, including oneself as the fifth)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

• वनराधिपः (vanarādhipaḥ) - Sugriva, the king of the monkeys (lord of monkeys, chief of monkeys)

• वनरैः (vanaraiḥ) - by monkeys, with monkeys

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unconquerable, invincible

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - wise, intelligent

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the messenger/demon) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

आत्मपञ्चमम् (ātmapañcamam) - including himself (Sugriva) as the fifth member of the group (having oneself as the fifth, including oneself as the fifth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmapañcama

ātmapañcama - having oneself as the fifth, including oneself as the fifth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ātman+pañcama)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• pañcama – fifth
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies "tam" (him)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Note: Subject of the verb cintayāmāsa

वनराधिपः (vanarādhipaḥ) - Sugriva, the king of the monkeys (lord of monkeys, chief of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanarādhipa

vanarādhipa - lord of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vanara+adhipa)

• vanara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Sugrīva

वनरैः (vanaraiḥ) - by monkeys, with monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanara

vanara - monkey

Note: Agent/accompaniment

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unconquerable, invincible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - formidable, unconquerable, invincible

Formed with dur- (difficult) and root dhṛṣ (to dare, challenge)

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies Sugrīva

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of cint

Periphrastic perfect

Formed from verbal root cint (denom. from cintā) + āmāsa

Root: cint (class 10)

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - wise, intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - wise, intelligent, endowed with intellect

Possessive suffix -mat

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Appositive to Sugrīva