वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-11, verse-12

तमहं हेतुभिर्वाक्यैर्विविधैश्च न्यदर्शयम् ।
साधु निर्यात्यतां सीता रामायेति पुनः पुनः ॥१२॥

12. tamahaṃ hetubhirvākyairvividhaiśca nyadarśayam ,
sādhu niryātyatāṃ sītā rāmāyeti punaḥ punaḥ.

12. tam aham hetubhiḥ vākyaiḥ vividhaiḥ ca nyadarśayam
sādhu niryātyatām sītā rāmāya iti punaḥ punaḥ

12. I repeatedly advised him with various reasons and words: 'Sītā should be returned properly to Rāma.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Rāvaṇa) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by reasons, by causes

• वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by words, by statements

• विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by different

• च (ca) - and

• न्यदर्शयम् (nyadarśayam) - I showed, I explained, I advised

• साधु (sādhu) - properly, rightly, well

• निर्यात्यताम् (niryātyatām) - let her be returned, she should be given back

• सीता (sītā) - Sītā

• रामाय (rāmāya) - to Rāma

• इति (iti) - indicating the end of a quote (thus, so saying)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again and again (used for emphasis) (again, repeatedly)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Rāvaṇa) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Refers to Vibhīṣaṇa (the speaker).

हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by reasons, by causes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hetu

hetu - reason, cause, motive

वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by words, by statements

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by different

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Agrees with `hetubhiḥ` and `vākyaiḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न्यदर्शयम् (nyadarśayam) - I showed, I explained, I advised

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of darśaya

Causative verb form

Imperfect 1st person singular, active voice. Root dṛś with causative suffix -i and prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The prefix `ni` implies 'down' or 'into', suggesting 'directed at' or 'explained to'.

साधु (sādhu) - properly, rightly, well

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `niryātyatām`.

निर्यात्यताम् (niryātyatām) - let her be returned, she should be given back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of niryāt

Imperative 3rd person singular, passive voice

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix nir-, in causative form and then passive imperative.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Sītā being returned.

सीता (sītā) - Sītā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā

Note: Subject of the passive imperative verb.

रामाय (rāmāya) - to Rāma

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Indicates the recipient.

इति (iti) - indicating the end of a quote (thus, so saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quoted speech.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again and again (used for emphasis) (again, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis, meaning 'again and again'.