मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-20, verse-30
उपकारं सुहृद्वर्गे योऽपकारञ्च शत्रुषु ।
नृमेघो वर्षति प्राज्ञास्तस्येच्छन्ति सदोन्नतिम् ॥३०॥
नृमेघो वर्षति प्राज्ञास्तस्येच्छन्ति सदोन्नतिम् ॥३०॥
30. upakāraṃ suhṛdvarge yo'pakārañca śatruṣu .
nṛmegho varṣati prājñāstasyecchanti sadonnatim.
nṛmegho varṣati prājñāstasyecchanti sadonnatim.
30.
upakāram suhṛdvarge yaḥ apakāram ca śatruṣu |
nṛmeghaḥ varṣati prājñāḥ tasya icchanti sadā unnatim
nṛmeghaḥ varṣati prājñāḥ tasya icchanti sadā unnatim
30.
Wise people (prājñāḥ) always desire the prosperity of that person who performs good deeds for his friends and causes harm to his enemies, like a rain-cloud that showers its bounty.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उपकारम् (upakāram) - good deeds, favors (favor, help, kindness)
- सुहृद्वर्गे (suhṛdvarge) - for his friends (among friends, in the circle of friends)
- यः (yaḥ) - who (the person being described) (who, which)
- अपकारम् (apakāram) - harm (harm, injury, disservice)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- शत्रुषु (śatruṣu) - to his enemies (among enemies, to enemies)
- नृमेघः (nṛmeghaḥ) - like a rain-cloud (figuratively, a benefactor) (a human cloud (a benevolent person who showers benefits))
- वर्षति (varṣati) - rains (showers benefits) (rains, showers)
- प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - wise people (wise people, intelligent ones)
- तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)
- इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire (they desire, they wish)
- सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)
- उन्नतिम् (unnatim) - prosperity (prosperity, rise, elevation, growth)
Words meanings and morphology
उपकारम् (upakāram) - good deeds, favors (favor, help, kindness)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of upakāra
upakāra - help, favor, benefit, good deed
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of implied verb 'does'.
सुहृद्वर्गे (suhṛdvarge) - for his friends (among friends, in the circle of friends)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of suhṛdvarga
suhṛdvarga - circle of friends, group of well-wishers
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛd+varga)
- suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
noun (masculine) - varga – group, class, collection
noun (masculine)
Note: Indicates the recipients of the good deeds.
यः (yaḥ) - who (the person being described) (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: The subject of the relative clause.
अपकारम् (apakāram) - harm (harm, injury, disservice)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of apakāra
apakāra - harm, injury, disservice, mischief
Prefix: apa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of implied verb 'does'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'upakāram' and 'apakāram'.
शत्रुषु (śatruṣu) - to his enemies (among enemies, to enemies)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of śatru
śatru - enemy, foe, rival
Note: Indicates the recipients of the harm.
नृमेघः (nṛmeghaḥ) - like a rain-cloud (figuratively, a benefactor) (a human cloud (a benevolent person who showers benefits))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛmegha
nṛmegha - a human cloud (one who showers gifts/benefits)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+megha)
- nṛ – man, human
noun (masculine) - megha – cloud
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the person described by 'yaḥ'.
वर्षति (varṣati) - rains (showers benefits) (rains, showers)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of varṣ
Present Indicative
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Subject is 'nṛmeghaḥ' (the implied person).
प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - wise people (wise people, intelligent ones)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of prājña
prājña - wise, intelligent, knowing, learned
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Subject of 'icchanti'.
तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the person described by 'yaḥ'.
इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire (they desire, they wish)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ
Present Indicative
Root: iṣ (class 6)
Note: Subject is 'prājñāḥ'.
सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Modifies 'icchanti' and 'unnatim'.
उन्नतिम् (unnatim) - prosperity (prosperity, rise, elevation, growth)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of unnati
unnati - rise, elevation, prosperity, growth
Prefix: ud
Root: nam (class 1)
Note: Object of 'icchanti'.