मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-20, verse-29
धिक् तस्य जीवितं पुंसो मित्राणामुपकारिणाम् ।
प्रतिरूपमकुर्वन् यो जीवामीत्यवगच्छति ॥२९॥
प्रतिरूपमकुर्वन् यो जीवामीत्यवगच्छति ॥२९॥
29. dhik tasya jīvitaṃ puṃso mitrāṇāmupakāriṇām .
pratirūpamakurvan yo jīvāmītyavagacchati.
pratirūpamakurvan yo jīvāmītyavagacchati.
29.
dhik tasya jīvitam puṃsaḥ mitrāṇām upakāriṇām
| pratirūpam akurvan yaḥ jīvāmi iti avagacchati
| pratirūpam akurvan yaḥ jīvāmi iti avagacchati
29.
Shame on the life of that man who, having received help from friends, believes "I am alive" without reciprocating (their kindness).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धिक् (dhik) - shame on (shame, fie, woe)
- तस्य (tasya) - of that (his, its, of that)
- जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)
- पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of that man (of a man, of a person)
- मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - of friends
- उपकारिणाम् (upakāriṇām) - from benefactors (friends) (of benefactors, of those who help)
- प्रतिरूपम् (pratirūpam) - in return (reciprocation) (in return, retaliation, image, counterpart)
- अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - without doing (not doing, without doing)
- यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)
- जीवामि (jīvāmi) - I am alive (I live)
- इति (iti) - (quote marker) (thus, so, marking a quote)
- अवगच्छति (avagacchati) - believes (understands, comprehends, knows, believes)
Words meanings and morphology
धिक् (dhik) - shame on (shame, fie, woe)
(indeclinable)
तस्य (tasya) - of that (his, its, of that)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to 'puṃsaḥ'.
जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita
jīvita - life, living, means of livelihood
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root jīv- 'to live'
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: `dhik` typically governs the accusative or nominative with an implied verb, here used for the scorned subject.
पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of that man (of a man, of a person)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of puṃs
puṁs - man, male, human being, person
Note: Governed by 'tasya'.
मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - of friends
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of mitra
mitra - friend, companion
Note: Governed by 'upakāriṇām'.
उपकारिणाम् (upakāriṇām) - from benefactors (friends) (of benefactors, of those who help)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of upakārin
upakārin - benefactor, helper, one who does good, obliging
Agent noun / adjective
Derived from upa-kṛ- 'to help'
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies 'mitrāṇām'.
प्रतिरूपम् (pratirūpam) - in return (reciprocation) (in return, retaliation, image, counterpart)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pratirūpa
pratirūpa - image, counterpart, retaliation, equivalent, in return
Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+rūpa)
- prati – against, towards, in return
indeclinable - rūpa – form, shape, appearance
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of 'akurvan'.
अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - without doing (not doing, without doing)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of akurvat
akurvat - not doing, abstaining from doing
Present Active Participle (negative)
Derived from root kṛ- 'to do', with negative prefix 'a-'
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kurvat)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - kurvat – doing, performing
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root kṛ- 'to do'
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.
यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Refers to the man ('puṃsaḥ').
जीवामि (jīvāmi) - I am alive (I live)
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv
Present Indicative
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Used within a direct quote.
इति (iti) - (quote marker) (thus, so, marking a quote)
(indeclinable)
Note: Marks the end of the quoted speech.
अवगच्छति (avagacchati) - believes (understands, comprehends, knows, believes)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avagacch
Present Indicative
Derived from prefix ava- and root gam- 'to go'
Prefix: ava
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Subject is 'yaḥ'.