महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-35, verse-9

तेषां तु तपसा प्रीतो नियमेन दमेन च ।
अभवद्गौतमो नित्यं पिता धर्मरतः सदा ॥९॥

9. teṣāṁ tu tapasā prīto niyamena damena ca ,
abhavadgautamo nityaṁ pitā dharmarataḥ sadā.

9. teṣām tu tapasā prītaḥ niyamena damena ca
abhavat gautamaḥ nityam pitā dharmarataḥ sadā

9. tu teṣām tapasā niyamena damena ca prītaḥ
dharmarataḥ pitā gautamaḥ nityam sadā abhavat

9. Indeed, their father, Gautama, who was always dedicated to righteousness (dharma), became constantly pleased by their spiritual austerities (tapas), self-discipline, and self-control.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance, by spiritual austerity (tapas), by ascetic practice

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, delighted

• नियमेन (niyamena) - by rule, by self-restraint, by discipline

• दमेन (damena) - by self-control, by subjugation of senses

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, originated

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (a proper name, often a sage)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, perpetually, always

• पिता (pitā) - father

• धर्मरतः (dharmarataḥ) - devoted to righteousness (dharma), adhering to natural law

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance, by spiritual austerity (tapas), by ascetic practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, spiritual austerity, asceticism, heat

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, satisfied, delighted, dear

Past Passive Participle

From root prī (to please, to love)

Root: prī (class 9)

नियमेन (niyamena) - by rule, by self-restraint, by discipline

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - rule, discipline, self-restraint, regulation

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

दमेन (damena) - by self-control, by subjugation of senses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

Root: dam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, originated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (a proper name, often a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, name of a sage

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

धर्मरतः (dharmarataḥ) - devoted to righteousness (dharma), adhering to natural law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarata

dharmarata - devoted to dharma, engaged in righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rata)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• rata – engaged in, devoted to, delighted in
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ram (to delight, to sport)
  Root: ram (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)