महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-35, verse-48

क्रुद्धः स तु समासाद्य तावृषी भ्रातरौ तदा ।
उवाच परुषं वाक्यं शशाप च महातपाः ॥४८॥

48. kruddhaḥ sa tu samāsādya tāvṛṣī bhrātarau tadā ,
uvāca paruṣaṁ vākyaṁ śaśāpa ca mahātapāḥ.

48. kruddhaḥ saḥ tu samāsādya tau ṛṣī bhrātarau
tadā uvāca paruṣam vākyam śaśāpa ca mahātapāḥ

48. tadā saḥ mahātapāḥ kruddhaḥ tau ṛṣī bhrātarau
samāsādya paruṣam vākyam uvāca ca śaśāpa

48. Then, that great ascetic, enraged, having approached those two sage brothers, spoke harsh words and cursed them.

Words meanings summery:

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angered, enraged, wrathful

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached, having obtained

• तौ (tau) - those two

• ऋषी (ṛṣī) - two sages, two seers

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - two brothers

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• शशाप (śaśāpa) - he cursed

• च (ca) - and, also

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - the great ascetic, one with great austerity (tapas)

Words meanings and morphology

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angered, enraged, wrathful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angered, wrathful, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root krudh (to be angry) with the kta suffix.

Root: krudh (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with upasargas sam and ā + root sad (to sit, approach) + lyap suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऋषी (ṛṣī) - two sages, two seers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, ascetic

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - two brothers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

शशाप (śaśāpa) - he cursed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śap

Root: śap (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - the great ascetic, one with great austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one having great austerity (tapas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual heat (tapas)
  noun (neuter)