महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-45

स तु दीर्घेण कालेन प्रत्याश्वस्तो महीपतिः ।
तूष्णीं दध्यौ महीपालः पुत्रव्यसनकर्शितः ।
निःश्वसञ्जिह्मग इव कुम्भक्षिप्तो विशां पते ॥४५॥

45. sa tu dīrgheṇa kālena pratyāśvasto mahīpatiḥ ,
tūṣṇīṁ dadhyau mahīpālaḥ putravyasanakarśitaḥ ,
niḥśvasañjihmaga iva kumbhakṣipto viśāṁ pate.

45. saḥ tu dīrgheṇa kālena pratyāśvastaḥ
mahīpatiḥ tūṣṇīm dadhyau mahīpālaḥ
putravyasanakarśitaḥ niḥśvasat
jihmagaḥ iva kumbhakṣiptaḥ viśām pate

45. saḥ mahīpatiḥ tu dīrgheṇa kālena
pratyāśvastaḥ putravyasanakarśitaḥ
mahīpālaḥ tūṣṇīm dadhyau niḥśvasat
kumbhakṣiptaḥ jihmagaḥ iva viśām pate

45. But that king (mahīpatiḥ), having recovered after a long time, silently pondered, emaciated by the grief for his sons. He sighed like a snake thrown into a pot, O lord of the people.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• दीर्घेण (dīrgheṇa) - by a long, with a long, after a long

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time, after time

• प्रत्याश्वस्तः (pratyāśvastaḥ) - recovered, comforted, reassured, having regained composure

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• दध्यौ (dadhyau) - he pondered, he meditated, he thought

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

• पुत्रव्यसनकर्शितः (putravyasanakarśitaḥ) - emaciated by the grief for sons, distressed by the calamity of sons

• निःश्वसत् (niḥśvasat) - sighing, exhaling, breathing out

• जिह्मगः (jihmagaḥ) - snake, serpent (literally, 'crooked-goer')

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुम्भक्षिप्तः (kumbhakṣiptaḥ) - thrown into a pot

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord of the people (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

दीर्घेण (dīrgheṇa) - by a long, with a long, after a long

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extended, prolonged

कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time, after time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, duration

प्रत्याश्वस्तः (pratyāśvastaḥ) - recovered, comforted, reassured, having regained composure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyāśvasta

pratyāśvasta - recovered, comforted, reassured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root śvas (to breathe, to trust) with the prefixes prati and ā.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

दध्यौ (dadhyau) - he pondered, he meditated, he thought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dhyai

Root: dhyai (class 1)

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pāl (class 10)

पुत्रव्यसनकर्शितः (putravyasanakarśitaḥ) - emaciated by the grief for sons, distressed by the calamity of sons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putravyasanakarśita

putravyasanakarśita - distressed by the grief of sons

Compound formed from putra-vyasana (grief for sons) and karśita (emaciated, distressed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+vyasana+karśita)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vyasana – calamity, misfortune, grief, distress
  noun (neuter)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root kṛś (to make thin, to weaken).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

निःश्वसत् (niḥśvasat) - sighing, exhaling, breathing out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root śvas (to breathe) with the prefix nis.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

जिह्मगः (jihmagaḥ) - snake, serpent (literally, 'crooked-goer')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jihmaga

jihmaga - snake, serpent

Compound: jihma (crooked) + ga (going).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (jihma+ga)

• jihma – crooked, bent, oblique, dishonest
  adjective (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, moving along
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कुम्भक्षिप्तः (kumbhakṣiptaḥ) - thrown into a pot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakṣipta

kumbhakṣipta - thrown into a pot

Compound: kumbha (pot) + kṣipta (thrown).

Compound type : saptamī tatpurusha (kumbha+kṣipta)

• kumbha – pot, jar, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• kṣipta – thrown, cast, placed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root kṣip (to throw).
  Root: kṣip (class 6)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

पते (pate) - O lord of the people (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband