महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः कर्णे हते राजन्धार्तराष्ट्रः सुयोधनः ।
भृशं शोकार्णवे मग्नो निराशः सर्वतोऽभवत् ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ karṇe hate rājandhārtarāṣṭraḥ suyodhanaḥ ,
bhṛśaṁ śokārṇave magno nirāśaḥ sarvato'bhavat.

4. vaiśampāyana uvāca tataḥ karṇe hate rājan dhārtarāṣṭraḥ
suyodhanaḥ bhṛśam śokārṇave magnaḥ nirāśaḥ sarvataḥ abhavat

4. vaiśampāyana uvāca he rājan tataḥ karṇe hate dhārtarāṣṭraḥ
suyodhanaḥ bhṛśam śokārṇave magnaḥ sarvataḥ nirāśaḥ abhavat

4. Vaiśampāyana said: "O king, then, when Karṇa was slain, Duryodhana (Suyodhana), the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhārtarāṣṭra), was deeply plunged into an ocean of grief, completely hopeless from all sides."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was slain) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa)

• हते (hate) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; a Kaurava)

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - King Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, exceedingly, deeply)

• शोकार्णवे (śokārṇave) - in an ocean of grief

• मग्नः (magnaḥ) - plunged (plunged, immersed, sunk)

• निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless (hopeless, despondent, despairing)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, it happened, he was)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root 'vac' (to speak).

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was slain) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; (proper noun) Karṇa (a hero in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

हते (hate) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative singular, agreeing with Karṇa in an absolute locative construction.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Janamejaya.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; a Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Refers to Suyodhana.

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - King Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - easy to fight; (proper noun) an epithet of Duryodhana (king of the Kurus)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+yodhana)

• su – good, well, easy
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  suffix -ana
  From root 'yudh' (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Another name for Duryodhana.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, exceedingly, deeply)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

शोकार्णवे (śokārṇave) - in an ocean of grief

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokārṇava

śokārṇava - ocean of grief

Compound: śoka (grief) + arṇava (ocean)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+arṇava)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location of being plunged.

मग्नः (magnaḥ) - plunged (plunged, immersed, sunk)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of magna

magna - plunged, immersed, sunk, absorbed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'maj'

Root: maj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Suyodhana.

निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless (hopeless, despondent, despairing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despondent, despairing, without hope

Compound: nis (without) + āśā (hope)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āśā)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies Suyodhana.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, it happened, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.