महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-11

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा हतबन्धू रणाजिरात् ।
अपसृत्य ह्रदं घोरं विवेश रिपुजाद्भयात् ॥११॥

11. tato duryodhano rājā hatabandhū raṇājirāt ,
apasṛtya hradaṁ ghoraṁ viveśa ripujādbhayāt.

11. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā hatabandhuḥ raṇājirāt
apasṛtya hradam ghoram viveśa ripujāt bhayāt

11. tataḥ hatabandhuḥ rājā duryodhanaḥ raṇājirāt
apasṛtya ripujāt bhayāt ghoram hradam viveśa

11. Then, King Duryodhana, whose kinsmen had been slain, retreated from the battlefield and, out of fear of his enemies, entered a dreadful lake.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that, therefore

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• हतबन्धुः (hatabandhuḥ) - one whose kinsmen are slain, having lost relatives

• रणाजिरात् (raṇājirāt) - from the battlefield, from the theatre of war

• अपसृत्य (apasṛtya) - having retreated, having withdrawn, having moved away

• ह्रदम् (hradam) - lake, deep pool

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful

• विवेश (viveśa) - entered, went into

• रिपुजात् (ripujāt) - born of enemies, from an enemy, caused by enemies

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a key character in the Mahābhārata)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

हतबन्धुः (hatabandhuḥ) - one whose kinsmen are slain, having lost relatives

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatabandhu

hatabandhu - one whose kinsmen are slain, one who has lost relatives

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+bandhu)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root han- (to strike, to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

रणाजिरात् (raṇājirāt) - from the battlefield, from the theatre of war

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
• ajira – courtyard, open ground, arena
  noun (neuter)

अपसृत्य (apasṛtya) - having retreated, having withdrawn, having moved away

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived with prefix apa- and absolutive suffix -tya

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛ (class 1)

ह्रदम् (hradam) - lake, deep pool

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pond, deep pool

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fierce, frightful

विवेश (viveśa) - entered, went into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Derived with prefix vi- and perfect tense conjugation

Prefix: vi

Root: viś (class 6)

रिपुजात् (ripujāt) - born of enemies, from an enemy, caused by enemies

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ripuja

ripuja - born of an enemy, caused by an enemy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ripu+ja)

• ripu – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced, generated, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan- (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension