महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-17

अहो सुबलवान्कालो गतिश्च परमा तथा ।
शक्रतुल्यबलाः सर्वे यत्रावध्यन्त पार्थिवाः ॥१७॥

17. aho subalavānkālo gatiśca paramā tathā ,
śakratulyabalāḥ sarve yatrāvadhyanta pārthivāḥ.

17. aho su-balavān kālaḥ gatiḥ ca paramā tathā
śakra-tulya-balāḥ sarve yatra avadhyanta pārthivāḥ

17. aho kālaḥ su-balavān tathā ca gatiḥ paramā yatra
sarve śakra-tulya-balāḥ pārthivāḥ avadhyanta

17. Alas, how immensely powerful is time, and how supreme is its movement (gati)! For it was during this time that all kings, whose strength was equal to that of Indra (Śakra), were slain.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Oh!, Alas!, Ah!

• सु-बलवान् (su-balavān) - very strong, exceedingly powerful

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - movement, course, path, destiny, fate

• च (ca) - and, also

• परमा (paramā) - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• शक्र-तुल्य-बलाः (śakra-tulya-balāḥ) - possessing strength equal to Indra (Śakra)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which, in which case/circumstance

• अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - they were killed, they were slain

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Oh!, Alas!, Ah!

(indeclinable)

सु-बलवान् (su-balavān) - very strong, exceedingly powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of su-balavat

su-balavat - very powerful, exceedingly strong

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+balavat)

• su – good, well, exceedingly, very
  indeclinable
• balavat – powerful, strong, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Derivation from bala (strength) with the suffix -vat (possessing).

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny, fate

Root: kal (class 1)

गतिः (gatiḥ) - movement, course, path, destiny, fate

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, movement, path, course, destiny, state

From root gam (to go) with suffix -ti.

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परमा (paramā) - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent

Note: Declined to agree with 'gatiḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

शक्र-तुल्य-बलाः (śakra-tulya-balāḥ) - possessing strength equal to Indra (Śakra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakra-tulya-bala

śakra-tulya-bala - having strength like Indra, equal in power to Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śakra+tulya+bala)

• śakra – Indra (name of the chief of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: śak (class 5)
• tulya – equal, similar, like
  adjective (masculine)
  From root tul (to weigh) with suffix -ya.
  Root: tul (class 10)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthivāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Refers to 'pārthivāḥ'.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which, in which case/circumstance

(indeclinable)

Locative case form of the pronoun ya (who, which) used as an adverb.

अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - they were killed, they were slain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of vadh

Imperfect Passive

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, passive voice. Root 'vadh' in passive is formed by adding -ya to the root, then conjugating. The 'a' prefix is for the imperfect tense.

Root: vadh (class 1)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthy, a king, ruler, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) with suffix -a, meaning 'lord of the earth'.

Note: Subject of 'avadhyanta'.