महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-31

नरा विनिहताः सर्वे गजाश्च विनिपातिताः ।
रथिनश्च नरव्याघ्र हयाश्च निहता युधि ॥३१॥

31. narā vinihatāḥ sarve gajāśca vinipātitāḥ ,
rathinaśca naravyāghra hayāśca nihatā yudhi.

31. narāḥ vinihatāḥ sarve gajāḥ ca vinipātitāḥ
rathinaḥ ca naravyāghra hayāḥ ca nihatāḥ yudhi

31. naravyāghra sarve narāḥ vinihatāḥ ca gajāḥ
vinipātitāḥ ca rathinaḥ ca hayāḥ ca yudhi nihatāḥ

31. O tiger among men, all men have been completely slain, and elephants have been felled. Charioteers and horses have also been killed in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• नराः (narāḥ) - men

• विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - completely killed, utterly destroyed

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and, also

• विनिपातिताः (vinipātitāḥ) - completely felled, brought down, overthrown

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• च (ca) - and, also

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra, tiger among men (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and, also

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck down

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

नराः (narāḥ) - men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, male, human being

विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - completely killed, utterly destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinihata

vinihata - completely killed, utterly destroyed, slain

Past Passive Participle

from vi + ni + han 'to strike down, kill completely'

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Stronger emphasis than 'hata'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विनिपातिताः (vinipātitāḥ) - completely felled, brought down, overthrown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinipātita

vinipātita - completely felled, brought down, overthrown, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from vi + ni + pat (causative pāti) 'to cause to fall down, fell'

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

from ratha 'chariot' + -in (possessive suffix)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra, tiger among men (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - a tiger among men, best of men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, male, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an honorific epithet for Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from ni + han 'to strike down, kill'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war