महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-38

तस्मिन्निपतिते भूमौ विदुरोऽपि महायशाः ।
निपपात महाराज राजव्यसनकर्शितः ॥३८॥

38. tasminnipatite bhūmau viduro'pi mahāyaśāḥ ,
nipapāta mahārāja rājavyasanakarśitaḥ.

38. tasmin nipatite bhūmau viduraḥ api mahāyaśāḥ
nipapāta mahārāja rājavyasanakarśitaḥ

38. mahārāja tasmin bhūmau nipatite api mahāyaśāḥ
viduraḥ rājavyasanakarśitaḥ nipapāta

38. O great king, when he (Dhritarashtra) had fallen to the ground, even the highly renowned Vidura, afflicted by the king's great sorrow, also fell.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when he (Dhritarashtra) (in that, on that, to him)

• निपतिते (nipatite) - having fallen (fallen, collapsed)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned (highly renowned, illustrious, famous)

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (fell down, collapsed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the listener) (O great king)

• राजव्यसनकर्शितः (rājavyasanakarśitaḥ) - afflicted by the king's great sorrow (afflicted by the king's calamity/sorrow)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when he (Dhritarashtra) (in that, on that, to him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'nipatite'.

निपतिते (nipatite) - having fallen (fallen, collapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen down, prostrate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pat with prefix 'ni-'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'tasmin'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil

Note: Locative of place.

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'nipapāta'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned (highly renowned, illustrious, famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - highly renowned, famous, glorious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown, splendor
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'Viduraḥ'.

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (fell down, collapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect tense

Formed with prefix 'ni-' and root 'pat'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the listener) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

राजव्यसनकर्शितः (rājavyasanakarśitaḥ) - afflicted by the king's great sorrow (afflicted by the king's calamity/sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājavyasanakarśita

rājavyasanakarśita - distressed by royal misfortune, afflicted by the king's calamity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vyasana+karśita)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• vyasana – calamity, misfortune, distress, vice
  noun (neuter)
• karśita – emaciated, worn out, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From causative of root √kṛś (to be thin, waste away).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'Viduraḥ'.