महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-39

गान्धारी च नृपश्रेष्ठ सर्वाश्च कुरुयोषितः ।
पतिताः सहसा भूमौ श्रुत्वा क्रूरं वचश्च ताः ॥३९॥

39. gāndhārī ca nṛpaśreṣṭha sarvāśca kuruyoṣitaḥ ,
patitāḥ sahasā bhūmau śrutvā krūraṁ vacaśca tāḥ.

39. gāndhārī ca nṛpaśreṣṭha sarvāḥ ca kuruyoṣitaḥ
patitāḥ sahasā bhūmau śrutvā krūram vacaḥ ca tāḥ

39. nṛpaśreṣṭha tāḥ krūram vacaḥ śrutvā gāndhārī
ca sarvāḥ ca kuruyoṣitaḥ sahasā bhūmau patitāḥ

39. O best of kings, having heard that cruel speech, Gandhari and all the Kuru women also suddenly fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari (the queen) (Gandhari)

• च (ca) - and

• नृपश्रेष्ठ (nṛpaśreṣṭha) - O best of kings (addressing the listener) (O best of kings)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, entire)

• च (ca) - and

• कुरुयोषितः (kuruyoṣitaḥ) - Kuru women

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fell (fallen)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, unexpectedly)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, harsh, fierce)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, statement)

• च (ca) - and (emphasizing "they too") (and)

• ताः (tāḥ) - they (Gandhari and the Kuru women) (they)

Words meanings and morphology

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari (the queen) (Gandhari)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (proper name)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Gandhari with Kuru women.

नृपश्रेष्ठ (nṛpaśreṣṭha) - O best of kings (addressing the listener) (O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpaśreṣṭha

nṛpaśreṣṭha - best of kings, paramount ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+śreṣṭha)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, superior
  adjective
  Superlative degree of praśasya (excellent).

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Modifies 'kuruyoṣitaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Gandhari with Kuru women.

कुरुयोषितः (kuruyoṣitaḥ) - Kuru women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kuruyoṣit

kuruyoṣit - Kuru woman, women of the Kuru clan

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+yoṣit)

• kuru – Kuru (proper name of a dynasty/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• yoṣit – woman, female
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject.

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fell (fallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended, prostrate

Past Passive Participle

From root √pat (to fall). Used here as a finite verb.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Finite verb, agrees with 'Gāndhārī' and 'kuruyoṣitaḥ'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, unexpectedly)

(indeclinable)

Formed from sahas (strength, power).

Note: Modifies 'patitāḥ'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil

Note: Locative of place.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root √śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, harsh, fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, harsh, fierce, bloody

Note: Modifying 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, voice

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

च (ca) - and (emphasizing "they too") (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding item.

ताः (tāḥ) - they (Gandhari and the Kuru women) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Gandhari and the Kuru women.