महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
एवं निपातिते कर्णे समरे सव्यसाचिना ।
अल्पावशिष्टाः कुरवः किमकुर्वत वै द्विज ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
evaṁ nipātite karṇe samare savyasācinā ,
alpāvaśiṣṭāḥ kuravaḥ kimakurvata vai dvija.

1. janamejaya uvāca evam nipātite karṇe samare
savyasācinā alpāvaśiṣṭāḥ kuravaḥ kim akurvata vai dvija

1. janamejaya uvāca he dvija evam savyasācinā karṇe
samare nipātite alpāvaśiṣṭāḥ kuravaḥ vai kim akurvata

1. Janamejaya said: "O brahmin (dvija), when Karṇa was thus struck down in battle by Arjuna (Savyasācin), what did the few remaining Kuru warriors then do?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya, the king who is the listener to Vaiśampāyana's narration (Janamejaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• निपातिते (nipātite) - struck down (struck down, overthrown, felled)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was struck down) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna (the ambidextrous one))

• अल्पावशिष्टाः (alpāvaśiṣṭāḥ) - the few remaining (few remaining, a small number left)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kuru warriors/kings (the Kurus)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?)

• अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did (they did, they made)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

• द्विज (dvija) - O brahmin (O brahmin, O twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya, the king who is the listener to Vaiśampāyana's narration (Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parikṣit)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root 'vac' (to speak).

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

निपातिते (nipātite) - struck down (struck down, overthrown, felled)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, overthrown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Locative singular, agreeing with Karṇa in an absolute locative construction.

कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was struck down) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; (proper noun) Karṇa (a hero in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna (the ambidextrous one))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous; (proper noun) an epithet of Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooting, hitting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root 'sac' (to attach, to follow) or 'sāc' (to kill, to shoot); often interpreted as 'shooting with the left hand'
  Root: sac (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अल्पावशिष्टाः (alpāvaśiṣṭāḥ) - the few remaining (few remaining, a small number left)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of alpāvaśiṣṭa

alpāvaśiṣṭa - a small remnant, few remaining

Past Passive Participle

Compound: alpa (small) + avaśiṣṭa (remaining, P.P.P. from ava-śiṣ)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (alpa+avaśiṣṭa)

• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective (masculine)
• avaśiṣṭa – remaining, left over
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śiṣ' with upasarga 'ava'
  Prefix: ava
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agreement with Kuravaḥ.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kuru warriors/kings (the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)

किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?, why?, how?

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Middle

3rd person plural, Imperfect middle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: From root 'kṛ' (to do).

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

द्विज (dvija) - O brahmin (O brahmin, O twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born; a brahmin, a kṣatriya, a vaiśya; a bird; a tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix -ja
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Addressed to Vaiśampāyana.