महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-37

एतच्छ्रुत्वा वचः क्रूरं धृतराष्ट्रो जनेश्वरः ।
निपपात महाराज गतसत्त्वो महीतले ॥३७॥

37. etacchrutvā vacaḥ krūraṁ dhṛtarāṣṭro janeśvaraḥ ,
nipapāta mahārāja gatasattvo mahītale.

37. etat śrutvā vacaḥ krūram dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ janeśvaraḥ
nipapāta mahārāja gatasattvaḥ mahītale

37. mahārāja etat krūram vacaḥ śrutvā janeśvaraḥ
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ gatasattvaḥ mahītale nipapāta

37. O great king, having heard this cruel speech, Dhritarashtra, the lord of men, fell to the ground, lifeless.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (speech) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, statement)

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, harsh, fierce)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (the king) (Dhritarashtra)

• जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - king (lord of men, king)

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (fell down, collapsed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the listener) (O great king)

• गतसत्त्वः (gatasattvaḥ) - lifeless (whose vital spirit has departed, unconscious, lifeless)

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (speech) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here

Note: Adjectivally modifying 'vacaḥ'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root √śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, voice

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, harsh, fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, harsh, fierce, bloody

Note: Modifying 'vacaḥ'.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (the king) (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'nipapāta'.

जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - king (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Dhritarashtra.

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (fell down, collapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect tense

Formed with prefix 'ni-' and root 'pat'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the listener) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

गतसत्त्वः (gatasattvaḥ) - lifeless (whose vital spirit has departed, unconscious, lifeless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatasattva

gatasattva - whose essence is gone, lifeless, senseless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+sattva)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• sattva – being, existence, essence, vital spirit, strength, goodness (sattva)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative of place.