महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-1, verse-20

धावतश्चाप्यपश्यच्च तत्र त्रीन्पुरुषर्षभान् ।
नष्टचित्तानिवोन्मत्ताञ्शोकेन भृशपीडितान् ॥२०॥

20. dhāvataścāpyapaśyacca tatra trīnpuruṣarṣabhān ,
naṣṭacittānivonmattāñśokena bhṛśapīḍitān.

20. dhāvataḥ ca api apaśyat ca tatra trīn puruṣa-ṛṣabhān
naṣṭa-cittān iva unmattān śokena bhṛśa-pīḍitān

20. tatra dhāvataḥ trīn puruṣa-ṛṣabhān naṣṭa-cittān
iva unmattān śokena bhṛśa-pīḍitān api ca apaśyat

20. And there, he also saw three foremost men (puruṣarṣabhān) who were running, appearing like madmen, their minds distraught and intensely afflicted by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• धावतः (dhāvataḥ) - running, moving swiftly

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he beheld

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत्र (tatra) - there

• त्रीन् (trīn) - three

• पुरुष-ऋषभान् (puruṣa-ṛṣabhān) - foremost of men, bulls among men

• नष्ट-चित्तान् (naṣṭa-cittān) - with lost minds, distraught

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उन्मत्तान् (unmattān) - mad, insane, frantic

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, due to grief

• भृश-पीडितान् (bhṛśa-pīḍitān) - severely afflicted, greatly tormented

Words meanings and morphology

धावतः (dhāvataḥ) - running, moving swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhāvat

dhāvat - running, swift, quick

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root 'dhāv' (to run). Masculine, accusative plural.

Root: dhāv (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'dṛś' (to see) takes 'paśya' as its present stem. The augment 'a' before the stem indicates imperfect tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there

(indeclinable)

Locative case form of the pronoun tad (that) used as an adverb.

त्रीन् (trīn) - three

(numeral)

पुरुष-ऋषभान् (puruṣa-ṛṣabhān) - foremost of men, bulls among men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣa-ṛṣabha

puruṣa-ṛṣabha - chief of men, foremost of men, excellent man (lit. 'bull among men')

A Tatpuruṣa compound, acting as an epithet, where 'ṛṣabha' (bull) is used metaphorically for 'best' or 'foremost'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, male, person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣabh (class 1)

नष्ट-चित्तान् (naṣṭa-cittān) - with lost minds, distraught

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of naṣṭa-citta

naṣṭa-citta - whose mind is lost, distraught, senseless

A Bahuvrīhi compound: naṣṭa (lost) + citta (mind), meaning "whose mind is lost".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+citta)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, perished, vanished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'naś' (to perish, to be lost).
  Root: naś (class 4)
• citta – mind, thought, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'cit' (to perceive, understand).
  Root: cit (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

A particle expressing comparison.

उन्मत्तान् (unmattān) - mad, insane, frantic

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, frantic, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, to be mad) with prefix 'ud-'.

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, due to grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish

From root 'śuc' (to grieve, to burn).

Root: śuc (class 1)

भृश-पीडितान् (bhṛśa-pīḍitān) - severely afflicted, greatly tormented

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhṛśa-pīḍita

bhṛśa-pīḍita - severely afflicted, greatly tormented, much oppressed

A Karmadhāraya compound where 'bhṛśa' (greatly) modifies 'pīḍita' (afflicted).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+pīḍita)

• bhṛśa – excessive, much, greatly, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Can function as an adverb or as the first part of a compound.
  Root: bhṛś (class 1)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed, hurt
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'pīḍ' (to vex, to oppress).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)