महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-54

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम पाञ्चालानां पराक्रमम् ।
वध्यमानापि कर्णेन नाजहू रणमूर्धनि ॥५४॥

54. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma pāñcālānāṁ parākramam ,
vadhyamānāpi karṇena nājahū raṇamūrdhani.

54. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma pāñcālānām parākramam
vadhyamānā api karṇena na ajahū raṇamūrdhani

54. tatra pāñcālānām adbhutam parākramam apaśyāma; karṇena vadhyamānā api (te) raṇamūrdhani na ajahū.

54. There we witnessed the astonishing valor of the Pāñcālas; even while being slaughtered by Karṇa, they did not abandon the forefront of the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing, wonderful, miraculous, a wonder

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we perceived

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

• पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - valor, prowess, heroism

• वध्यमाना (vadhyamānā) - being slain, being killed, being struck down

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• न (na) - not, no

• अजहू (ajahū) - they abandoned, they left

• रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield, at the forefront of battle

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

(indeclinable)

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing, wonderful, miraculous, a wonder

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, marvellous, a wonder

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we perceived

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense

1st person plural active imperfect of root 'dṛś' (Pashya-gana) with prefix 'apa'

Prefix: apa

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - name of an ancient country and its people (Panchala)

पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - valor, prowess, heroism

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, prowess, courage, exertion

derived from root 'kram' with prefix 'parā'

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

वध्यमाना (vadhyamānā) - being slain, being killed, being struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being slain, being killed

Present Passive Participle

present passive participle of root 'vadh' (to kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - name of a famous warrior in the Mahabharata

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अजहू (ajahū) - they abandoned, they left

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of hā

Perfect Tense

3rd person plural active perfect of root 'hā'

Root: hā (class 3)

रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield, at the forefront of battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇamūrdhan

raṇamūrdhan - forefront of battle, battle-head

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, summit, forefront
  noun (masculine)