महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
ततो भग्नेषु सैन्येषु भीमसेनेन संयुगे ।
दुर्योधनोऽब्रवीत्किं नु सौबलो वापि संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
tato bhagneṣu sainyeṣu bhīmasenena saṁyuge ,
duryodhano'bravītkiṁ nu saubalo vāpi saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca | tataḥ bhagneṣu sainyeṣu bhīmasenena
saṃyuge | duryodhanaḥ abravīt kim nu saubalaḥ vā api saṃjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya ! tataḥ
saṃyuge bhīmasenena bhagneṣu sainyeṣu
(satsu) duryodhanaḥ kim nu
abravīt ? saubalaḥ vā api (abravīt) ?

1. Dhritarashtra said: "Then, when the armies were shattered by Bhimasena in battle, what indeed did Duryodhana say, Sanjaya? Or (did he speak) to Saubala (Śakuni)?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (then, from there, afterwards)

• भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when the armies were shattered (in the broken, in the defeated)

• सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - when the armies were shattered (in the armies, among the forces)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhimasena (one of the Pandava brothers) (by Bhimasena)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in union, in encounter)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (eldest Kaurava prince) (Duryodhana)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (spoke, said)

• किम् (kim) - what indeed? (what, why, indeed)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (now, indeed, then, certainly)

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Saubala (Śakuni, maternal uncle of Duryodhana) (son of Subala, Saubala)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - or even (also, even, too)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator) (O Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name); one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, maintained, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (then, from there, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when the armies were shattered (in the broken, in the defeated)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, defeated, shattered

Past Passive Participle

from root bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: agrees with sainyeṣu

सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - when the armies were shattered (in the armies, among the forces)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, military force, soldier

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhimasena (one of the Pandava brothers) (by Bhimasena)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (proper name)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in union, in encounter)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, union

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (eldest Kaurava prince) (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name); one difficult to conquer

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

from root brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what indeed? (what, why, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: used as an interrogative adverb here

नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (now, indeed, then, certainly)

(indeclinable)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Saubala (Śakuni, maternal uncle of Duryodhana) (son of Subala, Saubala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala, (patronymic for Śakuni)

patronymic from Subala

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - or even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator) (O Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name); victorious

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)