महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-45

दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवीं सेनां धार्तराष्ट्राः पराङ्मुखीम् ।
अभिजग्मुर्महेष्वासा रुवन्तो भैरवान्रवान् ॥४५॥

45. dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavīṁ senāṁ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ parāṅmukhīm ,
abhijagmurmaheṣvāsā ruvanto bhairavānravān.

45. dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavīm senām dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ parāṅmukhīm
abhijagmuḥ mahā-iṣv-āsāḥ ruvantaḥ bhairavān ravān

45. dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ mahā-iṣv-āsāḥ pāṇḍavīm parāṅmukhīm
senām dṛṣṭvā tu ruvantaḥ bhairavān ravān abhijagmuḥ

45. Seeing the Pāṇḍava army turning away, the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who were great archers, advanced, roaring dreadful roars.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तु (tu) - here, often used as an emphasizing particle, or marking a slight contrast/transition, can be translated as 'then' or 'indeed'. (but, indeed, yet, then)

• पाण्डवीम् (pāṇḍavīm) - relating to the Pāṇḍavas (Pāṇḍava (feminine, accusative singular))

• सेनाम् (senām) - army (accusative singular)

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The Kauravas, led by Duryodhana. (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (nominative plural))

• पराङ्मुखीम् (parāṅmukhīm) - retreating, fleeing (turned away, having their faces averted (feminine, accusative singular))

• अभिजग्मुः (abhijagmuḥ) - they approached, they advanced

• महा-इष्व्-आसाः (mahā-iṣv-āsāḥ) - The Kaurava warriors. (great archers (nominative plural))

• रुवन्तः (ruvantaḥ) - The Kauravas roaring. (roaring, making sound (masculine, nominative plural))

• भैरवान् (bhairavān) - dreadful, terrible (masculine, accusative plural)

• रवान् (ravān) - roars, sounds (masculine, accusative plural)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तु (tu) - here, often used as an emphasizing particle, or marking a slight contrast/transition, can be translated as 'then' or 'indeed'. (but, indeed, yet, then)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवीम् (pāṇḍavīm) - relating to the Pāṇḍavas (Pāṇḍava (feminine, accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - relating to the Pāṇḍus; a descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Qualifies 'senām'.

सेनाम् (senām) - army (accusative singular)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The Kauravas, led by Duryodhana. (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (nominative plural))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Subject of 'abhijagmuḥ'.

पराङ्मुखीम् (parāṅmukhīm) - retreating, fleeing (turned away, having their faces averted (feminine, accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face averted, turned away, retreating

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+añc+mukha)

• para – away, beyond, another
  indeclinable
• añc – to bend, to turn, to move
  verb
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'senām'.

अभिजग्मुः (abhijagmuḥ) - they approached, they advanced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (lit) of abhigam

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

महा-इष्व्-आसाः (mahā-iṣv-āsāḥ) - The Kaurava warriors. (great archers (nominative plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahā-iṣv-āsa

mahā-iṣv-āsa - great archer, having a great bow

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – bow (from āsyati, to throw, shoot)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'as' (to throw).

Note: Qualifies 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

रुवन्तः (ruvantaḥ) - The Kauravas roaring. (roaring, making sound (masculine, nominative plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ruvat

ruvat - roaring, crying, making a sound

Present Active Participle

From root 'ru' (to roar/cry) with '-at' suffix.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

भैरवान् (bhairavān) - dreadful, terrible (masculine, accusative plural)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhairava

bhairava - dreadful, terrible, formidable

From Bhīru (fear) or Bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'ravān'.

रवान् (ravān) - roars, sounds (masculine, accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rava

rava - roar, cry, sound, noise

From root 'ru' (to roar/cry).

Root: ru (class 2)