महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-24

ते वध्यमानाः समरे चेदिमत्स्या विशां पते ।
कर्णमेकमभिद्रुत्य शरसंघैः समार्दयन् ।
ताञ्जघान शितैर्बाणैः सूतपुत्रो महारथः ॥२४॥

24. te vadhyamānāḥ samare cedimatsyā viśāṁ pate ,
karṇamekamabhidrutya śarasaṁghaiḥ samārdayan ,
tāñjaghāna śitairbāṇaiḥ sūtaputro mahārathaḥ.

24. te vadhyamānāḥ samare cedimatsyāḥ
viśām pate karṇam ekam abhidrutya
śarasaṃghaiḥ samārdayan tān jaghāna
śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ sūtaputraḥ mahārathaḥ

24. viśām pate! samare vadhyamānāḥ te
cedimatsyāḥ ekam karṇam abhidrutya
śarasaṃghaiḥ samārdayan mahārathaḥ
sūtaputraḥ tān śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ jaghāna

24. O lord of men, while they, the Chedis and Matsyas, were being slain in battle, they rushed towards Karna alone and tormented him with showers of arrows. But the great charioteer, the son of Suta, killed them with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (the Chedis and Matsyas) (they, those)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - while being slain (being slain, being killed)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• चेदिमत्स्याः (cedimatsyāḥ) - the Chedi and Matsya warriors (Chedis and Matsyas)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of subjects (of people, of subjects)

• पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (the enemy general) (Karna)

• एकम् (ekam) - alone, single-handedly (against Karna alone) (one, alone, single)

• अभिद्रुत्य (abhidrutya) - having rushed towards (having rushed towards, having attacked)

• शरसंघैः (śarasaṁghaiḥ) - with showers of arrows (with multitudes of arrows, with volleys of arrows)

• समार्दयन् (samārdayan) - they tormented (they tormented, they afflicted)

• तान् (tān) - them (the Chedis and Matsyas) (them, those)

• जघान (jaghāna) - killed (struck, killed)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp (by sharp, by keen)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - the son of Suta (Karna) (son of a charioteer, son of Suta)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great charioteer (epithet for Karna) (great charioteer, great warrior)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (the Chedis and Matsyas) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, they, those

Note: Subject of samārdayan.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - while being slain (being slain, being killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

From root √vadh (to strike, kill) in passive voice, Present tense.

Root: vadh (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Root: mṛ

चेदिमत्स्याः (cedimatsyāḥ) - the Chedi and Matsya warriors (Chedis and Matsyas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cedimatsya

cedimatsya - The Chedis and the Matsyas (names of two tribes/countries)

Dvandva compound of Cedi and Matsya.

Compound type : dvandva (cedi+matsya)

• cedi – name of a country/people, a Chedi warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• matsya – fish, name of a country/people, a Matsya warrior
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the collective forces.

विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of subjects (of people, of subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of vocative address viśāṃ pate.

पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (the enemy general) (Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, Karna (proper name)

Note: Object of abhidrutya.

एकम् (ekam) - alone, single-handedly (against Karna alone) (one, alone, single)

(numeral)

अभिद्रुत्य (abhidrutya) - having rushed towards (having rushed towards, having attacked)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √dru (to run) with prefix abhi- + absolutive suffix -tya

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

शरसंघैः (śarasaṁghaiḥ) - with showers of arrows (with multitudes of arrows, with volleys of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śarasaṃgha

śarasaṁgha - multitude of arrows, volley of arrows

Compound: śara (arrow) + saṃgha (multitude, collection)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+saṃgha)

• śara – arrow, reed, dart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ
• saṃgha – multitude, collection, assembly
  noun (masculine)
  From root √han (to strike, collect) with prefix saṃ-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Means of samārdayan.

समार्दयन् (samārdayan) - they tormented (they tormented, they afflicted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of mṛd

Imperfect active (causative)

Imperfect third person plural, parasmaipada. Derived from causative of √mṛd with prefix saṃ-.

Prefix: sam

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Subject is te cedimatsyāḥ.

तान् (tān) - them (the Chedis and Matsyas) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, them, those

Note: Object of jaghāna.

जघान (jaghāna) - killed (struck, killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect active

Perfect third person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject is sūtaputraḥ.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp (by sharp, by keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharpened, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

From root √śo (to sharpen) or √śā (to sharpen)

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies bāṇaiḥ.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, shaft

Note: Means of jaghāna.

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - the son of Suta (Karna) (son of a charioteer, son of Suta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer, specifically Karna (whose adoptive father was Adhiratha, a sūta)

Compound: sūta (charioteer) + putra (son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, one born of kṣatriya father and brāhmaṇa mother
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put

Note: Subject of jaghāna.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great charioteer (epithet for Karna) (great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, a warrior fighting from a great chariot

Compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sūtaputraḥ.