महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-48

तान्निवृत्तान्रणे शूरान्राधेयः शत्रुतापनः ।
अनेकशो महाराज बभञ्ज पुरुषर्षभः ॥४८॥

48. tānnivṛttānraṇe śūrānrādheyaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ ,
anekaśo mahārāja babhañja puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

48. tān nivṛttān raṇe śūrān rādheyaḥ śatru-tāpanaḥ
anekaśaḥ mahā-rāja babhañja puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ

48. mahā-rāja rādheyaḥ śatru-tāpanaḥ puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ
tān raṇe nivṛttān śūrān anekaśaḥ babhañja

48. O Great King (mahā-rāja)! The son of Rādhā (rādheya), tormentor of foes (śatru-tāpana), and foremost among men (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ), broke those heroes who had retreated from the battle, many times over.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the Pāñcāla warriors mentioned in the previous verse. (those (masculine, accusative plural))

• निवृत्तान् (nivṛttān) - Those who had turned back from battle (referring to the Pāñcālas). (turned back, retreated (masculine, accusative plural))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war (locative singular)

• शूरान् (śūrān) - Refers to the Pāñcāla warriors, object of Karna's actions. (heroes, valiant ones (masculine, accusative plural))

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karṇa. (the son of Rādhā (nominative singular))

• शत्रु-तापनः (śatru-tāpanaḥ) - Epithet for Karṇa, highlighting his prowess in battle. (tormentor of foes, consumer of enemies (masculine, nominative singular))

• अनेकशः (anekaśaḥ) - Indicates that Karṇa broke them many times or in great numbers. (manifoldly, repeatedly, in many ways)

• महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king (vocative singular))

• बभञ्ज (babhañja) - Karṇa broke or scattered the Pāñcāla warriors. (he broke, he shattered, he defeated)

• पुरुष-ऋषभः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Epithet for Karṇa, emphasizing his excellence and power. (bull among men, foremost among men, excellent man (masculine, nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - Refers to the Pāñcāla warriors mentioned in the previous verse. (those (masculine, accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of 'babhañja'.

निवृत्तान् (nivṛttān) - Those who had turned back from battle (referring to the Pāñcālas). (turned back, retreated (masculine, accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, retreated, returned, ceased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war (locative singular)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

From root 'raṇ' (to rejoice, be glad, engage in battle).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Relates to 'nivṛttān'.

शूरान् (śūrān) - Refers to the Pāñcāla warriors, object of Karna's actions. (heroes, valiant ones (masculine, accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karṇa. (the son of Rādhā (nominative singular))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (Karṇa's foster mother)

Apatyārtha (descendant) derivation from Rādhā.

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

शत्रु-तापनः (śatru-tāpanaḥ) - Epithet for Karṇa, highlighting his prowess in battle. (tormentor of foes, consumer of enemies (masculine, nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru-tāpana

śatru-tāpana - tormentor of enemies, causing sorrow to foes

Tatpuruṣa compound: śatru (enemy) + tāpana (burning, tormenting).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+tāpana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – burning, inflaming, tormenting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Causative Noun
  From causative of root 'tap' (to heat, torment) + -ana.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Karṇa.

अनेकशः (anekaśaḥ) - Indicates that Karṇa broke them many times or in great numbers. (manifoldly, repeatedly, in many ways)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'aneka' (many) with the suffix '-śaḥ'.

महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king (vocative singular))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-rāja

mahā-rāja - great king, sovereign

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + rājan (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address.

बभञ्ज (babhañja) - Karṇa broke or scattered the Pāñcāla warriors. (he broke, he shattered, he defeated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of bhañj

Perfect form of the root 'bhañj'.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

पुरुष-ऋषभः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Epithet for Karṇa, emphasizing his excellence and power. (bull among men, foremost among men, excellent man (masculine, nominative singular))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa-ṛṣabha

puruṣa-ṛṣabha - bull among men, chief of men, excellent man

Tatpuruṣa compound: puruṣa (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, male, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Karṇa.