महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-19

ततः प्रहस्याधिरथिर्विक्षिपन्धनुरुत्तमम् ।
मुमोच निशितान्बाणान्पीडयन्सुमहाबलः ।
तान्प्रत्यविध्यद्राधेयः पञ्चभिः पञ्चभिः शरैः ॥१९॥

19. tataḥ prahasyādhirathirvikṣipandhanuruttamam ,
mumoca niśitānbāṇānpīḍayansumahābalaḥ ,
tānpratyavidhyadrādheyaḥ pañcabhiḥ pañcabhiḥ śaraiḥ.

19. tataḥ prahasya adhirathiḥ vikṣipan
dhanuḥ uttamam mumoca niśitān bāṇān
pīḍayan sumahābalaḥ tān pratyavidhyat
rādheyaḥ pañcabhiḥ pañcabhiḥ śaraiḥ

19. tataḥ sumahābalaḥ adhirathiḥ prahasya
uttamam dhanuḥ vikṣipan niśitān
bāṇān mumoca pīḍayan rādheyaḥ tān
pañcabhiḥ pañcabhiḥ śaraiḥ pratyavidhyat

19. Then, the extremely mighty Karna (Adhirathi), after laughing, drew his excellent bow and released sharp arrows, harassing (his opponents). Karna (Radha's son) in turn countered those (incoming arrows) by piercing them with five arrows each.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - after laughing (in defiance) (having laughed, after laughing)

• अधिरथिः (adhirathiḥ) - Karna, the foster son of Adhiratha (the son of Adhiratha (Karna))

• विक्षिपन् (vikṣipan) - drawing (his bow) (stretching, drawing (a bow), throwing)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - (his) bow (bow)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (bow) (excellent, best, supreme)

• मुमोच (mumoca) - released (arrows) (released, discharged, let go)

• निशितान् (niśitān) - sharp (arrows) (sharp, whetted, keen)

• बाणान् (bāṇān) - (many) arrows (arrows)

• पीडयन् (pīḍayan) - harassing (his opponents) (harassing, tormenting, distressing)

• सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - extremely mighty (Karna) (extremely mighty, very powerful)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows from the opponents) (those, them)

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced (those arrows) in return (pierced in return, counter-pierced, struck back)

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna, the foster son of Radha (son of Radha (Karna))

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows, each time) (with five)

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows) each time (emphasizing distribution or quantity) (with five)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with his arrows (with arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - after laughing (in defiance) (having laughed, after laughing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root has (to laugh) with upasarga pra + lyap suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

अधिरथिः (adhirathiḥ) - Karna, the foster son of Adhiratha (the son of Adhiratha (Karna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhirathi

adhirathi - son of Adhiratha (Karna)

Patronymic derived from Adhiratha.

विक्षिपन् (vikṣipan) - drawing (his bow) (stretching, drawing (a bow), throwing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikṣipat

vikṣipat - drawing (a bow), throwing, casting, stretching out

Present Active Participle

Root kṣip (to throw) with upasarga vi + śatṛ suffix. Agrees with 'adhirathiḥ'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Acting as an adjective describing Adhirathi while he performs the main action.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - (his) bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (bow) (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, excellent, supreme

Superlative of 'ud'.

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

मुमोच (mumoca) - released (arrows) (released, discharged, let go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √muc

Perfect Tense

Root muc, perfect tense, third person singular, active voice.

Root: muc (class 6)

निशितान् (niśitān) - sharp (arrows) (sharp, whetted, keen)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, sharp

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (to sharpen) with upasarga ni + kta suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'bāṇān'.

बाणान् (bāṇān) - (many) arrows (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

पीडयन् (pīḍayan) - harassing (his opponents) (harassing, tormenting, distressing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍayat

pīḍayat - tormenting, harassing, afflicting

Present Active Participle

Root pīḍ (to torment) + śatṛ suffix. Agrees with 'adhirathiḥ'.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Describes Adhirathi while he performs the action of releasing arrows.

सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - extremely mighty (Karna) (extremely mighty, very powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahābala

sumahābala - very mighty, extremely powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahā+bala)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'adhirathiḥ'.

तान् (tān) - those (arrows from the opponents) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrows shot by Shikhandi, Dhrishtadyumna, etc.

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced (those arrows) in return (pierced in return, counter-pierced, struck back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √vyadh

Imperfect Tense

Root vyadh, imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice. Formed with upasarga prati + a-augment + √vyadh.

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna, the foster son of Radha (son of Radha (Karna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Radha; Karna

Patronymic derived from Radha + -eya suffix.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows, each time) (with five)

(numeral)

Note: Used for all genders in instrumental plural.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows) each time (emphasizing distribution or quantity) (with five)

(numeral)

Note: Repetition emphasizes 'five each' or 'five at a time'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with his arrows (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed