महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-56, verse-43

ते पाण्डवेयाः समरे कर्णेन स्म पुनः पुनः ।
अभज्यन्त महाराज यतमाना महारथाः ॥४३॥

43. te pāṇḍaveyāḥ samare karṇena sma punaḥ punaḥ ,
abhajyanta mahārāja yatamānā mahārathāḥ.

43. te pāṇḍaveyāḥ samare karṇena sma punaḥ punaḥ
abhajyanta mahārāja yatamānā mahārathāḥ

43. mahārāja te pāṇḍaveyāḥ yatamānāḥ mahārathāḥ
samare karṇena punaḥ punaḥ sma abhajyanta

43. O great king, those great Pāṇḍava charioteers, despite their efforts, were repeatedly broken (defeated) by Karṇa in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - sons of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍavas

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly, a particle indicating past tense with a present verb

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, repeatedly

• अभज्यन्त (abhajyanta) - they were broken, they were defeated, they were scattered

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• यतमाना (yatamānā) - the great charioteers who were striving (striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'mahārathāḥ' (great charioteers) who are Pāṇḍavas.

पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - sons of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu with the patronymic suffix `-eya`.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, Karṇa (proper name)

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly, a particle indicating past tense with a present verb

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with an imperfect tense verb (`abhajyanta`) for emphasis or to highlight the continuous nature of the past action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice (`punaḥ punaḥ`) to mean 'again and again' or 'repeatedly'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice (`punaḥ punaḥ`) to mean 'again and again' or 'repeatedly'.

अभज्यन्त (abhajyanta) - they were broken, they were defeated, they were scattered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhañj

Imperfect Passive

Root `bhañj` (7th class), passive voice, 3rd person plural, imperfect tense.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

यतमाना (yatamānā) - the great charioteers who were striving (striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

Present Middle Participle

From root `yat` (1st class, Ātmanepada). Present Middle Participle.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `mahārathāḥ`.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, hero

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)