महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-53, verse-6

तेन शब्देन वित्रस्ता धार्तराष्ट्राः ससैन्धवाः ।
नाकस्मात्सिंहनादोऽयमिति मत्वा व्यवस्थिताः ॥६॥

6. tena śabdena vitrastā dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ sasaindhavāḥ ,
nākasmātsiṁhanādo'yamiti matvā vyavasthitāḥ.

6. tena śabdena vitrastāḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ sasaindhavāḥ
na akasmāt siṃhanādaḥ ayam iti matvā vyavasthitāḥ

6. tena śabdena sasaindhavāḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ vitrastāḥ.
ayam siṃhanādaḥ na akasmāt iti matvā vyavasthitāḥ

6. Terrified by that sound, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, along with the Sindhu king (Jayadratha), positioned themselves, thinking, 'This lion's roar is not without cause.'

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound, with the noise

• वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - frightened, terrified, alarmed

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kauravas

• ससैन्धवाः (sasaindhavāḥ) - with the Sindhu king, accompanied by the Sindhu king

• न (na) - not, no

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without cause (accidentally, suddenly, without cause)

• सिंहनादः (siṁhanādaḥ) - a lion's roar, a loud roar

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, (quotation marker)

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, thinking

• व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - took their positions (stood firm, took their positions, settled, decided)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine singular instrumental of `tad`.

शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound, with the noise

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Note: Agent of being `vitrastāḥ`.

वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - frightened, terrified, alarmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From `vi-tras` (to tremble, be afraid).

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

`Dhṛtarāṣṭra` + `aṇ` suffix denoting 'descendant'.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ससैन्धवाः (sasaindhavāḥ) - with the Sindhu king, accompanied by the Sindhu king

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sasaindhava

sasaindhava - accompanied by the Sindhu king (Jayadratha)

`sa` (with) + `saindhava` (relating to Sindhu, i.e., king of Sindhu).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+saindhava)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix `sa-` meaning 'with'.
• saindhava – relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, king of Sindhu (Jayadratha)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From `sindhu` + `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Qualifies `dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates `akasmāt`.

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without cause (accidentally, suddenly, without cause)

(indeclinable)

From `a-kasma` (without reason) + ablative suffix `āt`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kasma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kasma – for what reason, why
  interrogative pronoun
  Locative form of `kim` (what).

Note: Used with `na` to mean 'not without cause'.

सिंहनादः (siṁhanādaḥ) - a lion's roar, a loud roar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar

`siṃha` (lion) + `nāda` (sound, roar)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From root `nad` (to roar, sound).
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Null copula implied for 'is'.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of `idam`.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark a quotation or a conclusion.

Note: Marks the end of the thought by the Kauravas.

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, thinking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root `man` (to think, believe) + suffix `tvā`.

Root: man (class 4)

व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - took their positions (stood firm, took their positions, settled, decided)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - standing firm, arranged, settled, decided, stationed

Past Passive Participle

From `vi-ava-sthā` (to stand, settle, arrange).

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used as the main verb (past tense implied with participle).