महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-53, verse-31

अर्जुन उवाच ।
षड्रथान्धार्तराष्ट्रस्य मन्यसे यान्बलाधिकान् ।
तेषां वीर्यं ममार्धेन न तुल्यमिति लक्षये ॥३१॥

31. arjuna uvāca ,
ṣaḍrathāndhārtarāṣṭrasya manyase yānbalādhikān ,
teṣāṁ vīryaṁ mamārdhena na tulyamiti lakṣaye.

31. arjuna uvāca ṣaḍrathān dhārtarāṣṭrasya manyase yān
balādhikān teṣām vīryam mama ardhena na tulyam iti lakṣaye

31. arjuna uvāca tvam yān dhārtarāṣṭrasya ṣaḍrathān balādhikān
manyase iti teṣām vīryam mama ardhena na tulyam lakṣaye

31. Arjuna said: 'Those six charioteers of Dhṛtarāṣṭra whom you consider to be superior in strength—I perceive that their valor is not equal to even half of my own.'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna, one of the Pandavas (Arjuna (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• षड्रथान् (ṣaḍrathān) - the six charioteers (of Duryodhana's side) (six charioteers, six warriors)

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (i.e., referring to Duryodhana and his side) (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, of Duryodhana)

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you consider (you think, you consider, you believe)

• यान् (yān) - whom (referring to the six charioteers) (whom, which (masculine plural accusative))

• बलाधिकान् (balādhikān) - superior in strength (superior in strength, mighty)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the six charioteers) (of them, their)

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength (valor, strength, prowess)

• मम (mama) - my (of Arjuna) (my, of me)

• अर्धेन (ardhena) - to half (of my valor) (by half, with half)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal (to half of mine) (equal, similar, comparable)

• इति (iti) - (quotative particle, marking the end of a thought/statement) (thus, so, (quotative particle))

• लक्षये (lakṣaye) - I perceive, I consider (I perceive, I observe, I consider, I mark)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna, one of the Pandavas (Arjuna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a proper name), white, clear

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated past.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate for Arjuna.

षड्रथान् (ṣaḍrathān) - the six charioteers (of Duryodhana's side) (six charioteers, six warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṣaḍratha

ṣaḍratha - six chariots, six charioteers/warriors

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+ratha)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, charioteer, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of manyase.

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (i.e., referring to Duryodhana and his side) (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, of Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king) with suffix -a denoting 'son of' or 'descendant of'

Note: Possessive, referring to the six charioteers.

मन्यसे (manyase) - you consider (you think, you consider, you believe)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √man

Present tense, 2nd person singular, middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject 'tvam' (you) is implied.

यान् (yān) - whom (referring to the six charioteers) (whom, which (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'ṣaḍrathān'.

बलाधिकान् (balādhikān) - superior in strength (superior in strength, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of balādhika

balādhika - superior in strength, having abundant strength

Compound type : tatpurusha (bala+adhika)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• adhika – excessive, abundant, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  From adhi- + √ka (or suffix -ika)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Qualifies 'ṣaḍrathān'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the six charioteers) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'ṣaḍrathān'.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength (valor, strength, prowess)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, prowess, virility

Note: Subject of the negative comparison.

मम (mama) - my (of Arjuna) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive, referring to 'ardhena'.

अर्धेन (ardhena) - to half (of my valor) (by half, with half)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, side

Note: Used in comparison (not equal to half).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'tulyam'.

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal (to half of mine) (equal, similar, comparable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, comparable

From tulā (balance) with suffix -ya

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vīryam'.

इति (iti) - (quotative particle, marking the end of a thought/statement) (thus, so, (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the statement to 'lakṣaye'.

लक्षये (lakṣaye) - I perceive, I consider (I perceive, I observe, I consider, I mark)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √lakṣ

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice. Causative of √lakṣ or direct root.

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Subject 'aham' (Arjuna) is implied.